January 1922
|
Jan-01-22/1 |
Two young Catholics, Hugh Corr
(14) and Samuel Campbell (21 months), are shot by a sniper in Nelson St. in
Belfast. Both die within a few days. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 206; McDermott (2001), pg 150 |
|
Jan-01-22/2 |
As a meeting of the East Clare Executive of
Sinn Féin in Ennis, a motion in favour of accepting the Treaty is passed by
17 votes to zero with nine abstentions.
At a meeting of the West Clare Executive of
Sinn Féin on January 3rd in Kilrush, a
similar motion was passed by 17 to 4. See Jan-03-22/4. |
Power (2020), pgs 7-8 |
|
Jan-02-22/1 |
Extensive sniping in the York St./North Queen
St area of Belfast – a number of people wounded. In addition, Private E. Barnes from the 1st
Norfolk Regiment is shot dead in Dale St by a loyalist sniper. Also, a
Protestant, Alexander Turtle (22) is shot in the head by a military patrol
near Nelson St and later in the day a Catholic butcher, John Murphy, is shot
in his shop in York St and dies three weeks later. Phoenix says that sixteen people are killed
during sectarian violence in Belfast in early January. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 207; McDermott (2001), pg 150; Phoenix (1994), pg
169; Parkinson (2020), pg
157; McMahon (2008), pg 138 |
|
Jan-03-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Nine – 3rd January 1922 Dáil resumes debate on Treaty. Over the
next few days Piaras Béaslai;
J.J. Walsh; Ernst Blythe; Eoin O’Duffy spoke for
the motion while Frank Fahy; Liam Mellows; Seamus Fitzgerald; Seamus
Robinson; Cathal Brugha and Harry Boland spoke
against. O’Duffy
said that rejection of the Treaty would result in more “callous, cold-blooded
murder in Northern Ireland”. Liam Mellows said “We would rather have this
country poor and indigent, we would rather have the people of Ireland eking
out a poor existence on the soil as long as they possessed their souls, their
minds and their honour. This fight has been for something more than the
fleshpots of Empires.” Seamus Robinson said that the Volunteers had a
right to exercise a veto on the change of their country’s Constitution and
demanded a Volunteer convention. Collins put a proposal to de Valera that he
let the Treaty go through and “let the Provisional Government come into
existence, subject to Dáil Éireann; and if necessary you can fight the provisional Government on the
Republican question afterwards.” A committee formulated these proposals
and they were put to the leaders on January 5th but they were
rejected by the anti-Treaty side. The proceedings of Day
Nine of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-03/ The tenth day of the Third Session of the
Second Dáil takes place on January 4th 1922 – see Jan-04-22/1. |
Macardle
(1999), pgs 630-635; Townshend (2014), pg 384; Parkinson (2020), pg
139 |
|
Jan-03-22/2 |
A small journal called The Republic of
Ireland has its first publication. – it is published once or twice
a week thereafter. First edited by Mellows and afterwards by Childers –
it strongly argues the anti-Treaty position. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 657; Curran J M (1980), pg 151 |
|
Jan-03-22/3 |
A Catholic, John Gribben (28), is shot in the
head on Kildare St. in Belfast. |
Parkinson (2004), pg |
|
Jan-03-22/4 |
After some controversy following its first
vote on the Treaty on December 22nd (see Dec-30-21/1), Clare
County Council takes a second vote.
This time 18 councillors vote in favour of the Treaty with 9 opposed. |
Power (2020), pg 6 |
|
Jan-04-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Ten – 4th January 1922 De Valera tries to submit his Document Number
Two to the Dáil as an amendment to the motion before the Dáil (which is in support
of the Treaty) but this is frustrated on a technicality and he withdraws
it. The document, which is an elaboration of the External Association
proposals, is printed in the press the following morning. It is given
as Appendix 22 in Macardle. The proceedings of Day
Ten of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-04/ The eleventh day of the Third Session of the
Second Dáil takes place on January 5th 1922 – see Jan-05-22/1. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 637 |
|
Jan-04-22/2 |
During rioting in the Newtownards Road area of
Belfast, a teenage Protestant, Albert McCrea, is shot dead by the British
army. RIC DI Nixon is ordered by Commissioner Gelston not to let the USC patrol the Ardoyne or
Marrowbone areas of Belfast. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 207; McDermott (2001), pg 153 |
|
Jan-04-22/3 |
James Masterson-Smith, chief civil servant at
the British Colonial Office, writes to Churchill saying that there were
different interpretations of the Treaty on the British and Irish sides. On December 16th, Westminster
approved the Treaty but did not ratify it.
Ratification would only come once the Irish Free State Constitution
was ratified and that would take several months. Only then would the Treaty’s ‘Ulster Month’
commence during which the NI government had to decide if it was going to join
the Free State. Materson-Smith
notes that “This will be a disappointment to the Irish signatories”. See Feb-05 to 06-22/1. |
Matthews (2004), pg
67 |
|
Jan-04-22/4 |
An informal meeting takes place in the house
of Sean T. O’Kelly where an attempt is made to hammer out a compromise
between the pro- and anti-Treaty sides.
However, nothing comes of it. |
Ferriter
(2021), pg 22 |
|
Jan-05-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Eleven – 5th January 1922 There is a discussion on the leading article
in the morning’s Freemans Journal. There is also a discussion on the
publication of de Valera’s Document No. 2.
Finally, there is a discussion on the work of the informal committee –
see Jan-04-22/4 The proceedings of Day
Eleven of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-05/ The twelfth day of the Third Session of the
Second Dáil takes place on January 6th 1922 – see Jan-06-22/1. |
|
|
Jan-05-22/2 |
The Belfast Telegraph blames Sinn Féin
for the recent violence in Belfast saying they had “prophesised trouble when
the responsibility for the maintenance of law and order passed into the control
of the Northern Government” and that there was “a plot to keep the city in a
state of constant ferment with a view to dismantling the Government”. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 207 |
|
Jan-06-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Twelve – 6th January 1922 There is further but fruitless discussion on
the work of the informal committee. De Valera offers his resignation but withdraws
it when he gets an undertaking from Griffith that the division on the Treaty
motion will be taken within 24 hours. The proceedings of Day
Twelve of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-06/ The thirteen day of
the Third Session of the Second Dáil takes place on January 7th 1922 – see
Jan-07-22/1. |
Macardle
(1999), pgs 638-639 |
|
Jan-06-22/2 |
Writing to Craig, the British Army GOC in
Northern Ireland General Cameron says that “no one reading the unionist press
would realise … that a large proportion of the outrages are due to [the
unionist] side”. He also said “The Special Constables, drawn
entirely from the Protestant section of the community cannot satisfactorily
deal with the Roman Catholic hooligan element … tactically the Protestant
hooligan element should be the first objective.” McDermott says that Cameron did not want the
British Army taking on the loyalist and republican gunmen at the same
time. |
McDermott (2001), pg
150 |
|
Jan-06-22/3 |
Writing to Richard Mulcahy (IRA Chief of
Staff), Liam Lynch (O/C 1st Southern Division IRA) says “It is
with deep regret that I have to acquaint you that … I cannot carry out any
order against I.R.A. principles … when such principles stand the danger of
being given away by our government”. |
Garvin (1996), pg 47 |
|
Jan-07-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Thirteen – 7th January 1922 This is the critical meeting when the vote on
the Treaty takes place. Just back from the United States, Harry Boland
starts the final day of debate with a strong anti-Treaty speech. Brugha launched a fierce attack on Collins stating that
he was “merely a subordinate in the Department of Defence” who held a very
high opinion of himself. Griffith finished the debate with a long
speech stating that the Treaty gave the Irish people the freedom to shape
their destiny for the first time in centuries. Matthews comments on the Treaty debates vis a vis Northern
Ireland “the Ulster Question hardly figured in the Dáil’s subsequent Treaty
debates. It is indeed astonishing that
in a public debate which took some 338 pages to record, only nine of those
pages are devoted to partition. The
private sessions are even less revealing, ‘as fewer than five of 182 pages
deal with Ulster’”. The proceedings of Day
Thirteen of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-07/ The fourteen day of
the Third Session of the Second Dáil takes place on January 9th 1922 – see
Jan-09-22/1. |
Curran J M (1980), pgs
149-150; Matthews (2004), pg 40 |
|
Jan-07-22/2 |
The Dáil approves the Treaty by 64 votes to 57 |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg
xviii |
|
Jan-07-22/3 |
Mark Sturgis writes in his diary that the
Dáil’s vote in favour of the Treaty was a milestone in the settling of the
Irish conflict but he adds “If Ireland – or England – expects that a Golden
Age is dawning I hope that they won’t be too roughly disillusioned. It is
huge gamble and we are groping in the dark.” |
Matthews (2004), pg
64 |
|
Jan-07-22/4 |
The split over the Treaty in the IRA GHQ staff
is as follows: Pro-Treaty were Richard Mulcahy (Chief-of-Staff); Eoin O'Duffy (Deputy Chief-of-Staff – possibly former); J J O'Connell (Assistant Chief-of-Staff); Gearoid
O'Sullivan (Adjutant General); Sean McMahon (Quarter-Master General); Michael
Collins (Director of Intelligence); Diarmaid
Hegarty (Director of Organisation); Emmet Dalton (Director of Training); Piaras Béaslai (Director of
Publicity). Anti- Treaty were Rory O'Connor (Director of
Engineering); Liam Mellows (Director of Purchases); Sean Russell
(Director of Munitions) and Seamus O'Donovan (Director of Chemicals).
Curran gives the same breakdown. Macardle
adds the following to the anti-Treaty side: Cathal Brugha
as Minister of Defence; Austen Stack as (former?) Deputy Chief of Staff; and
Oscar Traynor as O/C of the Dublin Brigade. However, with the possible exception of Austen
Stack (whose position on the GHQ staff was ambiguous after Brugha tried to install him as Deputy Chief-of-Staff – a
move which was resisted by GHQ), the other two cannot be taken as members of
GHQ. Macardle also leaves out O’Sullivan,
McMahon and Dalton from the pro-Treaty side. Split in IRA around the Country |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg
208; Curran J M (1980), pg 49; Macardle
(1999), pg 634; Price (2012), pg
196; Townshend pg xi; McGarty
(2020), pg 111 |
|
Jan-07-22/6 |
Commencement of disbandment of RIC |
Abbott (2000), pg
295 |
|
Jan-07-22/7 |
The body of John McDonough, an ex-BA soldier,
is found in the Duncairn Gardens area of Belfast. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 208 |
|
Jan-08-22/1 |
In the Divis St area of Belfast, a Catholic
teenager, William Alwell, is shot dead and later
Bridget Devlin (50) is shot on her way to Mass and dies later. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 208; Parkinson (2020), pg 159 |
|
Jan-09-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Fourteen – 9th January 1922 The Dáil reconvenes and de Valera offers to
resigns as President of Dáil Eireann. Collins suggests that de Valera
stays as President with a joint committee for the preservation of the peace –
while the pro-Treaty side see to the setting up of the Provisional Government
“on our side we form a committee to arrange details and do all the dirty
work”. De Valera refuses saying that the Republic must exist until the
people had disestablished it. A motion is put before the Dáil “that Mr. de
Valera be re-elected President of the Irish Republic” – it is defeated by 60
votes to 58. The Dáil then discusses Collins motion that Griffith be
elected President of the Dáil. Griffith gives assurances that the Dáil
government would remain in existence until the setting up of the Free State,
despite the setting up of the Provisional Government. However,
anti-treaty deputies protested that Griffith could not use the Dáil to form a
government that would subvert the Republic. The proceedings of Day
Fourteen of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-09/ The fifteen and final day of the Third Session
of the Second Dáil takes place on January 10th 1922 – see Jan-10-22/1. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg
xviii; Macardle (1999), pgs
642-643; Curran J M (1980), pg 157 |
|
Jan-09-22/2 |
A Protestant couple, Andrew Anderson and his
wife, are shot dead by a sniper in Hooker St., Belfast. (Parkinson says January 9th. McDermott
gives the date as January 11th and says that these killings could
have been retaliation for the Herbert St bomb thrown at Catholic children but
he gives the date of the Herbert St bomb as January 12th.) |
Parkinson (2004), pg 208; McDermott (2001), pg 154 |
|
Jan-10-22/1 |
The
Third Session of the Second Dáil – Day Fifteen – 10th January 1922 The Dáil debates Collins’s motion that
Griffith be elected president of Dáil Eireann. When de Valera asked
Griffith if he would uphold his oath as president not to subvert the
Republic, Griffith says that he would maintain the republic until the people
decided its fate. De Valera objects saying that electing Griffith would
place him in an impossible position – pledges to subvert the Republic on one
hand and maintain it on the other. De Valera and all anti-Treaty
deputies abstain themselves temporarily. As they walk out, Collins
shouts out: "Deserters all to the Irish nation in her hour of
trial." Markievicz replies "Oath-breakers and
cowards." Collins says “Foreigners – Americans – English” to which
Markievicz says “Lloyd Georgeites.” The remaining members unanimously elect
Griffith as President of the Dáil and agree his new cabinet as follows:
Arthur Griffith - President; Michael Collins - Minister of Finance; William
Cosgrave - Local Government; Charles Gavin Duffy - Foreign Affairs; Kevin
O'Higgins - Economic Affairs; Richard Mulcahy - Defence and E J Duggan - Home
Affairs. (Five other non-cabinet members are appointed later.) Regan
says that Griffith was “somewhat reluctantly” appointed President of the
Republic. In the afternoon, the anti-Treaty deputies
resume their seats and the Dáil receives a Labour delegation headed by Thomas
Johnson. Later, when Childers seeks clarification on his policy,
Griffith retorts “I will not reply to any damned Englishman in this
Assembly.” Mulcahy affirms that “If any assurance is
required, the army will remain the army of the Irish Republic.” The proceedings of Day
Fifteen of the Third Session of the Second Dáil are available here: https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-01-10/ The Dáil adjourns until February 28th 1922 –
see Feb-28-22/1. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg
xviii; Hopkinson (1998), pgs 39-40; Curran J M
(1980), pg 158-159; O’Donoghue (1986), pg 200; Macardle (1999), pgs 646-647; Doyle (2008), pg
66; Regan (2013), pg 115 |
|
Jan-10-22/2 |
Three anti-Treaty members of IRA GHQ; six divisional
commanders and the O/Cs of the two Dublin brigades meet to formulate their
anti-Treaty strategy. They say that the IRA's allegiance to the Dáil
was based on the Republic be upheld and they argue that the decision of the
Dáil to accept the Treaty means that, since the Dáil is no longer upholding
the Republic, the IRA no longer owes it allegiance. They call for the IRA to return to being ruled
by its own executive and send a letter the next day to Mulcahy to demand that
an Army convention meet on February 5th. The
letter is signed by Rory O’Connor, Liam Mellows, Sean Russell, James Donovan,
Oscar Traynor, Liam Lynch and other IRA commandants. See Jan-13-22/1. (Townshend makes the note worthy point that the subordination of the IRA to
the Dáil had been led by Brugha who was now a
leading anti-Treatyite – See Nov-16-21/3 - and the
IRA Executive had been wound up – See Sep-15-21/1. Townshend also notes that
there had been no IV/IRA Convention since 1917.) |
Hopkinson (1988), pg
59; Macardle (1999), pgs
649-650; Curran (1980), pg 163; Townshend (2014), pg 390 |
|
Jan-10-22/3 |
The Northern Ireland cabinet discuss the
Boundary Commission. The issue under discussion is whether to
ignore the Commission or co-operate with it. According to McDermott, Craig
said that Bonar Law had obtained a promise that Lord Clyde or Lord Dunedin
would be appointed Commissioners and that Carson had agreed to act as
Ulster’s Commissioner. As a favourable outcome was more or less
assured, they decided on co-operation.
However, Fanning says that the NI cabinet “agreed that no immediate
decision should be given”. |
McDermott (2001), pg
156; Fanning (2013), pgs 317-318 |
|
Jan-10-22/4 |
Peter Switzer is fatally wounded while
attending his sister’s funeral at Castletown, Co. Limerick. See Apr-18-20/3 and Sep-19-20/5. |
O’Callaghan (2018), pg
117 |
|
Jan-11-22/1 |
A meeting takes place of senior IRA officers
with Mulcahy and de Valera present. De Valera asks the officers to give
the same co-operation to the new Minister of Defence that they had to the old
one. Mulcahy gives same assurances that he had given to Dáil that the
army will remain the army of the Irish Republic. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 649 |
|
Jan-11-22/2 |
The Cumann na mBan Executive votes by 24
to 2 to reject the Treaty. (The two
votes to accept were Jennie Wyse Power and a Miss Mullan from Monaghan) |
Dorney (2017), pg 31 |
|
Jan-11-22/3 |
Griffith writes to all TDs elected in the 26
counties asking them to attend a meeting on January 14th aimed at
“constituting of a Provisional Government”. He signs it Chairman of the
Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries. See Jan-14-22/1. |
Macardle
(1999), pg ; Curran J M (1980), pg
160 |
|
Jan-11-22/4 |
A morning tram is subjected to a bomb attack
in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. There are a number of injuries but no
fatalities. About 11.00pm, loyalist gunmen called to the
house of Mary Hogg (40) on Fifth St in Belfast and shot her dead. (She was
Catholic and her husband Protestant.) |
Parkinson (2004), pg 209; McDermott (2001), pg 154 |
|
Jan-12-22/5 |
Supreme Council of IRB meet on January 10th
and issue statement on January 12th reaffirming statement of December
12th (see Dec-10-21/1) and goes onto say that "some such situation as
that presented on the agreement to the Treaty was obvious from the date of
the termination of hostilities, and the agreement to the Truce". Further, they say that the situation will not
become clear until the draft Irish Constitution can be considered and that,
in the meantime, the Dáil shall be continue to be recognised as the
Government of the Irish Republic and that IRB members in the IRA should
continue to obey orders. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg
194; Hopkinson (1988), pg 44; Curran J M (1980), pg 164 |
|
Jan-12-22/6 |
Three men (Patrick Johnston, Thomas McShea and Patrick Leonard) are sentenced to death in
Crumlin Road Courthouse in Belfast for the part in the killing of two men
during a botched jail escape attempt on December 2nd 1921 in Derry
City - see Dec-02-21/2. The executions are scheduled for February 9th. See Jan-14-22/2. |
Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 58-60 |
|
cJan-12-22/7 |
Eoin O'Duffy
replaces Richard Mulcahy as IRA chief-of-staff (as latter had been made
Minister of Defence) |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg
210 |
|
Jan-12-22/8 |
Four bombs thrown almost simultaneously by
loyalists at Catholics in the Clonard area of
Belfast. Later a bomb is thrown at children in Herbert St injuring six. |
McDermott (2001), pg
153 |
|
Jan-13-22/1 |
Following the letter from a number of IRA
officers calling for an IRA Convention (see Jan-10-22/2), Mulcahy replies
saying that he has no authority to call a convention of the IRA as Dáil
Eireann was “the elected government of the Irish Republic” and that the
control of the army could not be transferred to another body as “supreme
control of the Army” lay with the Dáil. On same day, Rory O’Connor writes to Eoin O’Duffy saying that officers who demanded a convention
intended to call one themselves, adding that they would only obey orders from
O’Duffy when it had been countersigned by himself. See Jan-18-22/1. |
Curran J M (1980), pg
162; Townshend (2014), pg 391 |
|
Jan-13-22/2 |
The Belfast Telegraph quotes a joint
statement from three leaders of the Protestant churches calling on
Protestants not to engage in criminal acts and while saying that Protestants
had “not been the original aggressors”, they admitted that “members of the
community belonging nominally to our churches have been involved in these
outbreaks of violence”. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 209 |
|
Jan-13-22/3 |
Amnesty and release of 1,000 pre-Truce
prisoners convicted of political crimes. (Macardle
says nearly 400.) As in December, when the internees were released,
there were jubilant scenes around the country when the prisoners arrived
home. |
Abbott (2000), pg
274; Macardle (1999), pg
656; McDermott (2001), pg 155 |
|
Jan-13-22/4 |
Sgt David Findlay of the BA’s Royal Scots
regiment dies of his wounds. He had
been badly beaten by the IRA after leaving the Queen’s Hotel in Ennis, Co.
Clare. See Dec-18-20/5. |
Power (2020), pg 19 |
|
Jan-14-22/1 |
Meeting
of the Southern Ireland Parliament Griffith - in his capacity as chair of the
plenipotentiaries – having called the House of Commons of Southern Ireland
(see Jan-11-22/3), they meet on this day to approve the Treaty and elect a
Provisional Government to implement it.
Sixty pro-Treaty TDs and four Unionist MPs (from Trinity) meet as the
“Southern Parliament”. Michael Collins elected Chairman and the other
members of his cabinet are: William Cosgrave (Local Govt), Eammon
Duggan (Home Affairs), Kevin O'Higgins (Economic Affairs), Patrick J Hogan
(Agriculture), Joseph McGrath (Labour), Finian Lynch, Michael Hayes
(Education), Desmond Fitzgerald (Publicity), Ernst Blythe (Trade and
Commerce) and Eoin McNeill. (Neither Griffith or Mulcahy are formally
members of Provisional Government.) Under the Treaty, the Provisional Government
would hold power in the South until December 6th 1922 when the
Free State government would come into being. This was first and only meeting
of the 'Southern Ireland Parliament' if the meeting on June 26th 1921
is ignored. Collins sets up office in City Hall in Dublin.
See Jan-16-22/1/. Comment on Provisional
Government |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg
201; Litton (1995), pg 34; Macardle
(1999), pg 652; Curran J M (1980), pg 160; Townshend (2014), pg
385 |
|
Jan-14-22/2 |
Members of the ‘Monaghan Gaelic football team’
are arrested outside the village of Dromore in Co. Tyrone by a party of
Ulster Special Constabulary. The
Monaghan team say that they are on their way to play Derry in the Ulster
Final. Ten men were arrested. Among them are
Major-General Dan Hogan, O/C 5th Northern Division IRA.
Papers found on them relate to plans to spring the three prisoners due to be
executed in Derry jail (for their part in a botched jail break attempt on
December 2nd 1920 who were sentenced on January 12th). The arrests lead to outrage on all sides. This prompts Churchill to ask Collins and
Craig to come to London. Subsequent
discussions led to the First Collins-Craig Pact – see Jan-21-22/1. See also Jan-1922/2. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg
79; Gallagher
(2003), pg 38; McDermott
(2001), pg 157; Dooley (2017a), pg
103; Grant (2018), pgs 130-131 |
|
Jan-14-22/3 |
Reflecting a view
held by many pro-Treatyites, the Roscommon Herald states that the
Treaty “gives a good means to an end and affords the Irish people the
opportunity of being mistress in their own house, with a control, despite all
the fights made in centuries past, that could never be obtained before”. |
McGarty (2020), pg 107 |
|
Jan-16-22/1 |
The Lord-Lieutenant, Edward Talbot Fitzalan, formally hands over power to Michael Collins
and keys to Dublin Castle. Fanning says that
the British moved to hand over Dublin Castle quickly as a way of supporting
Collins and Griffith. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg
xix; Litton (1995), pg 41; Macardle
(1999), pg 653; Curran J M (1980), pg 160; Fanning (2013), pg 313 |
|
Jan-16-22/2 |
Council of 2nd Southern Division of
the IRA votes not to recognise GHQ. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg
60 |
|
Jan-16-22/3 |
IRA men from the East Mayo brigade raid the
RIC barracks in Charlestown, Co. Mayo in breach of the Truce. Four RIC men are wounded or severely
beaten. The raiders make away with 23
Lee-Enfield rifles and 25 revolvers.
Raid investigated by Sean Walsh, local IRA Liaison Officer. |
Price (2012), pgs
201-202 |
|
Jan-17-22/1 |
In a report to Churchill’s Provisional
Government of Ireland Committee on the Ulster Special Constabulary, it is
recommended to stop funding the Specials “at the earliest date that is legal
or possible”. Responsibility for security in Northern
Ireland had been transferred to the NI Government on November 9th 1921
(see Nov-09-21/1). Under the Treaty,
the cost of security was to be the responsibility of the NI Government as it
was to get no more powers than that given to it under the Government of
Ireland Act 1920. See Feb-09-22/1 and Mar-06 to 07-22/1. |
Matthews (2004), pg
72 |
|
Jan-17-22/2 |
Macready issues a Special Order of the Day to
his officers and men saying that “the time has arrived to commence
withdrawing [British] troops from Ireland”.
He goes on to say that “You, officers and men, have accompanied [accomplished?]
the most difficult task that any soldier can be called upon to undertake, and
you have emerged with your discipline unshaken and your conduct in the eyes
of all fair-minded men blameless”.
Many in Ireland would argue with this statement! |
Kautt (2014), pgs 211-212 |
|
Jan-18-22/1 |
A meeting takes place, under the chair of
Richard Mulcahy, of GHQ Staff and divisional commandants (with some brigade
commandants who were not part of divisions). They agree to hold Army
Convention within two months and that, in a meantime, a 'watchdog' committee
would be set up with members from both sides. Liam Pilkington, O/C 3rd Western
Division (who was anti-Treaty) said (perhaps with some prescience) “All you
want [is] to build up a Free State army so that you can march in step into
the British Army” That Mulcahy agreed to a Convention after his
reply January 13th saying that he had no power to call a
Convention (See Jan-13-22/1) may seem peculiar but Curran says that this
meeting was acrimonious and that Mulcahy only agreed to holding of convention
to prevent an open break. See Feb-24-22/1. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg
211; Farry (2012), pgs
89-91; Townshend (2014), pg 391 |
|
Jan-18-22/2 |
Michael Collins approaches the governors of
the Bank of Ireland looking for financial support for the new Provisional
Government – they ‘consent’ to give £1m in financial credit. (They may have done so under some duress.) |
O’Sullivan Greene (2020), pg
166 |
|
Jan-19-22/2 |
IRA Lieutenant Michael Moran dies of a heart
attack at his home in Dooagh, Achill Island, Co.
Mayo. His death due to ill-treatment
in prison. |
Price (2012), pg 283 |
|
Jan-21-22/1 |
At the urging of Churchill, Collins and Craig
meet in London (in Churchill’s office) and make a pact. This pact
agrees that (1) Craig would do all he could to ensure that Catholics
workers expelled from the shipyards would be re-instated and Collins would
seek the end of the Belfast Boycott; (2) They also had discussions on
how to settle the boundary issue and agree that the boundary commission would
have one representative each from the North and South reporting to Craig and
Collins respectively and (3) They agree to try to find “a more suitable
system than the Council of Ireland for dealing with the problems affecting
all-Ireland”. This is known as
the First Craig-Collins Pact. See Feb-02-22/3. |
Litton (1995), pg
49; Hopkinson (1988), pg 82; Curran J M (1980), pg 165; Phoenix (1994), pgs 170-174;
Parkinson (2004), pg 199; McDermott
(2001), pg 159; Matthews (2004), pg 68; Parkinson (2020), pg 128 |
|
Jan 21-22/2 |
Convention of the Irish Race held in
Paris. The delegates came out in favour of the Treaty. However, they
also voted for de Valera as President. A new association is formed called Fine Ghaedheal. De Valera is elected President and Robert
Brennan (anti-Treaty) is appointed Secretary. (A debate takes place in the Dáil on the
funding of new association on March 3rd – see https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-03-02/24/
) |
Macardle
(1999), pg 665; Brennan (1950), pgs
334-336; Kissane (2005), pg 55 |
|
Jan-21-22/3 |
District Centres of the IRB in Cork meet and
pass a resolution condemning the Supreme Council’s statements of December 12th
1921 and January 12th 1922 and call on them to resign. A
number of other circles do likewise and cease to function. |
Curran J M (1980), pg
164; O’Donoghue (1986), pg 194 |
|
Jan-21-22/4 |
There is an unauthorised attack on RIC men in
Tralee, Co. Kerry. It results in the death of Volunteer Percy Hannafin and the wounding of an RIC man. [Doyle says that, on January 20th,
IRA men had tried to seize an RIC lorry which was in a garage for repair and
this led, on January 21st, to a gun battle on the streets of Tralee between
the RIC and the IRA.] |
Horgan (2018), pg
302; Doyle (2008), pg 75 |
|
Jan-21-22/5 |
After considerable discussion as to its
nature, the Provisional Government decides to set up an unarmed national
police force called the Civic Guard with Michael Staines as its first
commissioner. Staines and Mulcahy set
up a number of committees to decide on structure, size, operational issues,
etc. See Feb-09-22/3. |
Townshend (2014), pg
288 |
|
Jan-23-22/1 |
British Army evacuate barracks in Swinford and Claremorris, Co. Mayo. See Sheehan for the dates of the BA’s
evacuation of barracks in the area of the BA’s 5th Division. |
Price (2012), pg
198; Sheehan (2009), pgs 125-126 |
|
Jan-23-22/2 |
The Belfast Newsletter, despite its
earlier opposition to the Treaty (see Dec-17-21/1), says that if the
Provisional Government is prepared to take an attitude of goodwill to the NI Government then the Treaty “is likely to turn out a
blessing to the whole of Ireland”. Speaking of unionist attitude
to the Treaty, Parkinson comments that “there is a certain amount of truth in
the suggestion that loyalists warmed a little to an agreement which had the
welcome effect of dividing their opponents” (Parkinson (2004), pg 198). |
Parkinson (2004), pg 199 |
|
Jan-24-22/1 |
Collins, O’Higgins and Duggan agree with the
British Cabinet’s Provisional Government of Ireland committee in London on
the working arrangements for the transfer of power (transfer of departments,
role of viceroy, demobilisation of RIC, etc.). Auxiliaries to leave Ireland by end of
January, the RIC are to cease to function as the police force by end of
February and all British troops were quickly concentrated in Dublin, Cork and
the Curragh (except for Treaty ports). |
Curran J M (1980), pgs
160-161 |
|
Jan -24-22/2 |
Ronald McNeill M.P. states in the Morning
Post that the agreement between Craig and Collins is “the definite and
formal recognition by Mr. Collins of the status of Ulster as a separate
Government in Ireland”. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 658 |
|
Belfast Boycott formally ended. |
Phoenix (1994), pg 176 |
|
|
Jan-25-22/1 |
In Belfast, Craig says that “I will never give
in to any re-arrangement of the boundary that leaves our Ulster area less
than it is under the Government of Ireland Act”. (Macardle says
January 25th but Phoenix and Fanning say January 27th.)
Also, in contravention of the First
Collins-Craig Pact, Craig cannot (or will not) get the expelled Belfast
workers re-instated. By end of January, only 20 of the estimated 7,000
expelled workers are re-instated. See Jan-26-22/1. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 658; Phoenix (1994), pgs 175 & 177; Fanning (2013), pg
318; Matthews (2004), pg
68 |
|
Jan-26-22/1 |
Giving his reasons for agreeing to change the
boundary commission clauses in the Treaty in his agreement with Craig in the
first Collins-Craig Pact, Collins says that he wants to exclude English
influence from Irish affairs and that it will be for the Provisional
Government to fight for its interpretation of the boundary clauses in the
Treaty in discussions with the NI government. See Jan-30-22/1. |
Matthews (2004), pg
68 |
|
Jan-27-22/1 |
Killarney handed over to the IRA. |
Abbott (2000), pg
275 |
|
Jan-28-22/1 |
Expressing a sentiment typical of many pro-Treatyites, Patrick Brennan, TD for Clare, states in the Clare Champion “The term Republican is
equally the property of Free Staters and anti-Free Staters … our aim is the
complete independence of Ireland with a republican form of government … We
differ from the anti-Treaty group only in method … we accept the Treaty as a
means of securing absolute independence for Ireland”. |
Power (2020), pg 16 |
|
Jan-28-22/2 |
Andy Cope meets with Daithi
O’Donoghue and hands over £22,500 to cover Dáil funds confiscated by Crown
Forces during the War of Independence.
Accrued interest was included.
In the audited accounts for the Dáil, the auditor (Donal O’Connor)
included this amount under the heading “Seized by the English”. |
O’Sullivan Greene (2020), pg
152 |
|
Jan-30-22/1 |
Collins tells his cabinet that he wanted a
definite policy decided upon re Northern Ireland. In the evening, cabinet meets with RC Bishop MacRory of Down and Conor to discuss the north.
(Eoin O’Duffy also in attendance.) They
discuss a non-recognition policy towards the NI government including the
paying of teachers’ salaries (which were due to be taken over by NI Ministry
of Education on February 1st) and local government. Collins says that
he will speak to Devlin about pan-nationalist non-recognition pact. See Jan-31-22/2. |
Phoenix (1994), pgs 178-179 |
|
Jan-31-22/1 |
IRA GHQ officially takes over Beggars Bush
Barracks, Dublin as its HQ. As the IRA’s Dublin Guard march past City
Hall (where the Provisional Government are housed), Collins takes the
salute. Cheering crowds line the streets. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg
xix; Litton (1995), pg 42; Macardle
(1999), pg 655; Curran J M (1980), pg 163; Dorney (2017), pg 35 |
|
Jan-31-22/2 |
Collins meets with Devlin in the Gresham
Hotel, Dublin. They agree that they will not enter the NI
parliament. Devlin says he is anxious to have a policy which will unite
northern nationalists. See Feb-01-22/1. |
McDermott (2001), pg
162 |
|
Jan-31-22/3 |
Hugh Canning is shot dead in argument between
neighbours in Gorvagh, Co. Leitrim. |
McGarty (2020), pg 111 |
|
Jan-31-22/4 |
The External (American) Loan amounts to $5.2m. |
O’Sullivan Greene (2020), pgs
177 & 234 |
|
Jan-1922/1 |
Macardle
says that de Valera forms Cumann na Poblachta (the
Republican Party) of the TDs who had voted against the Treaty. (Curran
says this happened in early March.) See Mar-15
to 19-22/3. |
Macardle
(1999), pg 657; Curran J M (1980), pg 173 |
|
Jan-1922/2 |
Towards the end of January, the IRA sets up an
Ulster Council made up of senior officers from the various divisions with brigades
in Ulster. It includes officers who had declared for and against the Treaty
and some neutrals. It is chaired by
Frank Aiken who had taken a neutral stance.
(It would seem that this was an IRB operation and that some members of
the Irish cabinet were not informed.) The first operation of the IRA’s Ulster
Council is dramatic - see Feb-07 to 08-22/1. |
Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 61 |