|
Jan-01
|
Two young
Catholics, Hugh Corr (14) and Samuel Campbell (21 months), are shot by a
sniper in Nelson St. in Belfast. Both die within a few days.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 206; McDermott (2001), pg 150
|
|
Jan-02
|
Extensive sniping
in the York St./North Queen St area of Belfast – a number of people
wounded. Pte. E. Barnes from the 1st Norfolk Regiment is
shot dead in Dale St by a loyalist sniper. A Protestant, Alexander
Turtle (22) shot in the head by a military patrol near Nelson St and later
in the day a Catholic butcher, John Murphy, is shot in his shop in York St
and dies three weeks later. Phoenix says that sixteen people are
killed during sectarian violence in Belfast in early January.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 207; McDermott (2001), pg 150; Phoenix (1994), pg 169
|
|
Jan-03
|
Dáil resumes
debate on Treaty. Over the next few days Piaras Béaslai; J.J. Walsh;
Ernst Blythe; Eoin O’Duffy spoke for the motion while Frank Fahy; Liam Mellows;
Seamus Fitzgerald; Seamus Robinson; Cathal Brugha and Harry Boland spoke
against. Liam Mellows said “We would rather have this country poor
and indigent, we would rather have the people of Ireland eking out a poor
existence on the soil as long as they possessed their souls, their minds
and their honour. This fight has been for something more than the
fleshpots of Empires.” Seamus Robinson said that the Volunteers had a
right to exercise a veto on the change of their country’s Constitution and
demanded a Volunteer convention.
Collins put a
proposal to de Valera that he let the Treaty go through and “let the
Provisional Government come into existence, subject to Dáil Éireann; and if
necessary you can fight the provisional Government on the Republican
question afterwards.” A committee formulated these proposals and put
to the leaders on the 5th January but were rejected by the
anti-Treaty side.
|
Macardle (1999),
pgs 630-635; Townshend (2014), pg 384
|
|
Jan-03
|
A small journal
called The Republic of Ireland has its first publication. – it
is published once or twice a week thereafter. First edited by Mellows
and afterwards by Childers – it strongly argues the anti-Treaty position.
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 657; Curran J M (1980), pg 151
|
|
Jan-03
|
A Catholic, John
Gribben (28), is shot in the head on Kildare St. in Belfast.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg
|
|
Jan-04
|
De Valera
intended to submit his Document Number Two to the Dáil as an amendment to
the motion before the Dáil in support of the Treaty but this is frustrated
on a technicality and he withdraws it. The document, which is an
elaboration of the External Association proposals, is printed in the press
the following morning. It is given as Appendix 22 in Macardle.
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 637
|
|
Jan-04
|
During rioting in
the Newtownards Road area of Belfast, a teenage Protestant Albert McCrea is
shot dead by the army. RIC DI Nixon is ordered by Commissioner Gelston not
to let the USC patrol the Ardoyne or Marrowbone areas of Belfast.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 207; McDermott (2001), pg 153
|
|
Jan-05
|
The Belfast
Telegraph blames Sinn Féin for the recent violence in Belfast saying
they had “prophesised trouble when the responsibility for the maintenance
of law and order passed into the control of the Northern Government” and
that there was “a plot to keep the city in a state of constant ferment with
a view to dismantling the Government”.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 207
|
|
Jan-06
|
De Valera offers
his resignation but withdraws it when he gets an undertaking from Griffith
that the division on the Treaty motion will be taken within 24 hours.
|
Macardle (1999),
pgs 638-639
|
|
Jan-06
|
Writing to Craig,
the British Army GOC in Northern Ireland General Cameron says that “no one
reading the unionist press would realise … that a large proportion of the
outrages are due to [the unionist] side”. He also said “The
Special Constables, drawn entirely from the Protestant section of the
community cannot satisfactorily deal with the Roman Catholic hooligan
element … tactically the Protestant hooligan element should be the first
objective.” McDermott says that Cameron did not want the
British Army taking on the loyalist and republican gunmen at the same
time.
|
McDermott (2001),
pg 150
|
|
Jan-06
|
Writing to
Richard Mulcahy, Liam Lynch says “It is with deep regret that I have to
acquaint you that … I cannot carry out any order against I.R.A. principles
… when such principles stand the danger of being given away by our
government”.
|
Garvin (1996), pg
47
|
|
Jan-07
|
Hopkinson says a
total of 328 statutory public bodies declared themselves in favour of the
Treaty's; 5 declared against. (Curran says a total of 369 elected and
other bodies endorsed the Treaty by this date with 14 against. This
included most county councils and borough corporations.)
|
Hopkinson (1988),
pg 35; Curran J M (1980), pg 150
|
|
Jan-07
|
Just back from
the States, Harry Boland starts the final day of debate with a strong
anti-Treaty speech. Brugha launched a fierce attack on Collins
stating that he was “merely a subordinate in the Department of Defence” who
held a very high opinion of himself. Griffith finished the debate
with a long speech stating that the Treaty gave the Irish people the
freedom to shape their destiny for the first time in centuries.
|
Curran J M (1980),
pgs 149-150
|
|
Jan-07
|
The Dáil approves
the Treaty by 64 votes to 57
|
O'Farrell P
(1997), pg xviii
|
|
Jan-07
|
The Split in the
IRA GHQ staff was as follows: Pro-Treaty were Richard Mulcahy
(Chief-of-Staff); Eoin O'Duffy (Deputy Chief-of-Staff – possibly former); J
J O'Connell (Assistant
Chief-of-Staff); Gearoid O'Sullivan (Adjutant General); Sean McMahon
(Quarter-Master General); Michael Collins (Director of Intelligence);
Diarmaid Hegarty (Director of Organisation); Emmet Dalton (Director of
Training); Piaras Béaslai (Director of Publicity). Anti- Treaty were
Rory O'Connor (Director of Engineering); Liam Mellows (Director of
Purchases); Sean Russell (Director of Munitions) and Seamus O'Donovan
(Director of Chemicals). Curran gives the same breakdown. Macardle
adds the following to the anti-Treaty side: Cathal Brugha as Minister
of Defence; Austen Stack as (former?) Deputy Chief of Staff; and Oscar
Traynor as O/C of the Dublin Brigade. However, with the possible
exception Austen Stack (whose position on the GHQ staff was ambiguous after
Brugha tried to install him as Deputy Chief-of-Staff – a move which was
resisted by GHQ), the other two cannot be taken as members of GHQ.
Macardle also leaves out O’Sullivan, McMahon and Dalton from the pro-Treaty
side.
Split
in IRA around the Country
|
O’Donoghue
(1986), pg 208; Curran J M (1980), pg 49; Macardle (1999), pg 634; Price
(2012), pg 196; Townshend pg xi
|
|
Jan-07
|
Commencement of
disbandment of RIC
|
Abbott (2000), pg
295
|
|
Jan-07
|
The body of John
McDonough, an ex-soldier, found in the Duncairn Gardens area of Belfast.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 208
|
|
Jan-08
|
In the Divis St
area of Belfast, a Catholic teenager, William Alwell, is shot dead and
later Bridget Devlin (50) is shot on her way to Mass and dies later.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 208
|
|
Jan-09
|
The Dáil
reconvenes and de Valera offers to resigns as President of Dáil
Eireann. Collins suggests that de Valera stays as President with a
joint committee for the preservation of the peace – while the pro-Treaty
side see to the setting up of the Provisional Government “on our side we
form a committee to arrange details and do all the dirty work”. De
Valera refuses saying that the Republic must exist until the people had
disestablished it. A motion is put before the Dáil “that Mr. de
Valera be re-elected President of the Irish Republic” – it is defeated by
60 votes to 58. The Dáil then discussed Collins motion that Griffith
be elected President of the Dáil. Griffith gives assurances that the
Dáil government would remain in existence until the setting up of the Free
State, despite the setting up of the Provisional Government. However,
anti-treaty deputies protested that Griffith could not use the Dáil to form
a government that would subvert the Republic.
|
O'Farrell P
(1997), pg xviii; Macardle (1999), pgs 642-643; Curran J M (1980), pg 157
|
|
Jan-09
|
A Protestant
couple, Andrew Anderson and his wife, are shot dead by a sniper in Hooker
St., Belfast. (McDermott gives the date as the 11th and
says that these killings could have been retaliation for the Herbert St
bomb thrown at Catholic children but contradicts himself as he gives the
date of the Herbert St bomb as the 12th.)
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 208; McDermott (2001), pg 154
|
|
Jan-10
|
The Dáil debates
Collins’s motion that Griffith be elected president of Dáil Eireann.
When de Valera asked Griffith if he would uphold his oath as president not
to subvert the Republic, Griffith says that he would maintain the republic until
the people decided its fate. De Valera objects saying that electing
Griffith would place him in an impossible position – pledges to subvert the
Republic on one hand and maintain it on the other. De Valera and all
anti-Treaty deputies abstain themselves temporarily. As they walk
out, Collins shouts out: "Deserters all to the Irish nation in her
hour of trial." Markievicz replies "Oath-breakers and
cowards." Collins says “Foreigners – Americans – English” to
which Markievicz says “Lloyd Georgeities.”
The remaining
members unanimously elect Griffith as President and agree his new cabinet
as follows: Arthur Griffith - President; Michael Collins - Minister of
Finance; William Cosgrave - Local Government; Charles Gavin Duffy - Foreign
Affairs; Kevin O'Higgins - Economic Affairs; Richard Mulcahy - Defence and
E J Duggan - Home Affairs. (Five other non-cabinet members are
appointed later.)
In the afternoon,
the anti-Treaty deputies resume their seats and the Dáil receives a Labour
delegation headed by Thomas Johnson. Later, when Childers seeks
clarification on his policy, Griffith retorts “I will not reply to any
damned Englishman in this Assembly.” Mulcahy affirms that “If any
assurance is required, the army will remain the army of the Irish Republic.”
Dáil adjourns until February 14th.
|
O'Farrell P
(1997), pg xviii; Hopkinson (1998), pgs 39-40; Curran J M (1980), pg
158-159; O’Donoghue (1986), pg 200; Macardle (1999), pgs 646-647; Doyle
(2008), pg 66
|
|
Jan-10
|
Three anti-Treaty
members of IRA GHQ; six divisional commanders and the O/Cs of the two
Dublin brigades meet to formulate their anti-Treaty strategy. They
say that the IRA's allegiance to the Dáil was based on the Republic be
upheld and they argue that the decision of the Dáil to accept the Treaty
means that since they are no longer upholding the Republic, the IRA no
longer owes it allegiance. They call for the IRA to return to rule by
its own executive and send a letter the next day to Mulcahy to demand that
an Army convention meet on the 5th February. The letter is
signed by Rory O’Connor, Liam Mellows, Sean Russell, James Donovan, Oscar
Traynor, Liam Lynch and other IRA commandants.
(Townshend
makes the interesting point that the subordination of the IRA to the Dáil
had been led by Brugha who was now a leading anti-Treatyite – See November
16th 1921 - and the IRA Executive had been wound up – See
September 15th 1921. Townshend also notes that there had been no
IV/IRA Convention since 1917.)
|
Hopkinson (1988),
pg 59; Macardle (1999), pgs 649-650; Curran (1980), pg 163; Townshend
(2014), pg 390
|
|
Jan-10
|
Northern Ireland
cabinet discuss the Boundary Commission. Issue is whether to ignore
the Commission or co-operate with it. Craig said that Bonar Law had
obtained a promise that Lord Clyde or Lord Dunedin would be appointed
Commissioners and that Carson had agreed to act as Ulster’s
Commissioner. As a favourable outcome was more or less assured, they
decided on co-operation.
|
McDermott (2001),
pg 156
|
|
Jan-10
|
Peter Switzer is
fatally wounded while attending his sister’s funeral at Castletown, Co.
Limerick. See 18th April
1920 and 19th September 1920.
|
|
|
Jan-11
|
A meeting takes
place of senior IRA officers with Mulcahy and de Valera present. De
Valera asks the officers to give the same co-operation to the new Minister
of Defence that they had to the old one. Mulcahy gives same
assurances that he had given to Dáil that the army will remain the army of
the Irish Republic.
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 649
|
|
Jan-11
|
The Cumann na
mBan Executive votes by 24 to 2 to reject the Treaty. (The two votes to accept were Jennie Wyse
Power and Miss Mullan from Monaghan)
|
Dorney (2017), pg
31
|
|
Jan-11
|
Griffith writes
to all TDs elected in the 26 counties asking them to attend a meeting on
the 14th January aimed at “constituting of a Provisional
Government”. He signs it Chairman of the Irish Delegation of
Plenipotentiaries. (Curran says 12th)
|
Macardle (1999),
pg ; Curran J M (1980), pg 160
|
|
Jan-11
|
A morning tram is
attacked with a bomb in the Ardoyne area of Belfast – a number of injuries
but no fatalities. About 11.00pm, loyalist gunmen called to the house
of Mary Hogg (40) on Fifth St in Belfast and shot her dead. (She was
Catholic and her husband Protestant.)
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 209; McDermott (2001), pg 154
|
|
Jan-12
|
Supreme Council
of IRB meet (on 10th) and issue statement on 12th reaffirming
statement of the 12th December and goes onto say that "some such
situation as that presented on the agreement to the Treaty was obvious from
the date of the termination of hostilities, and the agreement to the
Truce". Further, they say that the situation will not become
clear until the draft Irish Constitution can be considered and that, in the
meantime, the Dáil shall be continue to be recognised as the Government of
the Irish Republic and that IRB members in the IRA should continue to obey
orders.
|
O’Donoghue
(1986), pg 194; Hopkinson (1988), pg 44; Curran J M (1980), pg 164
|
|
Jan-12
|
Three men
(Patrick Johnston, Thomas McShea and Patrick Leonard) are sentenced to
death in Crumlin Road Courthouse in Belfast for the part in the killing of
two policemen during a botched jail escape attempt on the 2nd
December 1920 in Derry City. Executions scheduled for the 9th
February. See 14th
January.
|
Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 58-60
|
|
Jan-12?
|
Eoin O'Duffy
replaces Richard Mulcahy as IRA chief-of-staff (as latter had been made
Minister of Defence)
|
O’Donoghue
(1986), pg 210
|
|
Jan-12
|
Four bombs thrown
almost simultaneously by loyalists at Catholics in the Clonard area of
Belfast. Later a bomb is thrown at children in Herbert St injuring
six.
|
McDermott (2001),
pg 153
|
|
Jan-13
|
Mulcahy replies
to IRA officers saying that he has no authority to call a convention of the
IRA as Dáil Eireann was “the elected government of the Irish Republic” and
that the control of the army could not be transferred to another body as
“supreme control of the Army” lay with the Dáil.
On same day, Rory
O’Connor writes to Eoin O’Duffy saying that officers who demanded a
convention intended to call one themselves, adding that they would only
obey orders from O’Duffy when it had been countersigned by himself.
See January 18th.
|
Curran J M
(1980), pg 162; Townshend (2014), pg 391
|
|
Jan-13
|
The Belfast
Telegraph quotes a joint statement from three leaders of the Protestant
churches calling on Protestants not to engage in criminal acts and while
saying that Protestants had “not been the original aggressors”, they
admitted that “members of the community belonging nominally to our churches
have been involved in these outbreaks of violence”.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 209
|
|
Jan-13
|
Amnesty and
release of 1,000 pre-Truce prisoners convicted of political crimes.
(Macardle says nearly 400.) As in December, when the internees were
released, there were jubilant scenes around the country when the prisoners
arrived home.
|
Abbott (2000), pg
274; Macardle (1999), pg 656; McDermott (2001), pg 155
|
|
Jan-14
|
Griffith - in his
capacity as chair of the plenipotentiaries – calls the House of Commons of
Southern Ireland to approve the Treaty and elect a provisional government
to implement it. Sixty pro-Treaty
TDs and four Unionist MPs (from Trinity) meet as the “Southern
Parliament”.
Michael Collins
elected Chairman and the other members of his cabinet are: William
Cosgrave (Local Govt), Eammon Duggan (Home Affairs), Kevin O'Higgins
(Economic Affairs), Patrick J Hogan (Agriculture), Joseph McGrath (Labour),
Finian Lynch, Michael Hayes (Education), Desmond Fitzgerald (Publicity),
Ernst Blythe (Trade and Commerce) and Eoin McNeill.
Under the Treaty,
Provisional Government would hold power in the South until the 6th December
1922. This was first and only meeting of 'Southern Ireland Parliament' if
the meeting on the 26th June 1921 is ignored. (Neither
Griffith or Mulcahy are formally members of Provisional Government.)
Collins sets up office in City Hall. Comment
|
O’Donoghue
(1986), pg 201; Litton (1995), pg 34; Macardle (1999), pg 652; Curran J M (1980),
pg 160; Townshend (2014), pg 385
|
|
Jan-14
|
Members of the
‘Monaghan Gaelic football team’ are arrested outside the village of Dromore
in Co. Tyrone by a party of Ulster Special Constabulary on their way to
play Derry in the Ulster Final. Ten men were arrested. Among them are
Major-General Dan Hogan, O/C 5th Northern Division IRA.
Paper found on them relate to plans to spring three prisoners due to be
executed in Derry jail (for their part in a botched jail break attempt on
the 2nd December 1920 who were sentenced on January 12th). Outrage on all
sides – leading to Churchill asking Collins and Craig to London. Subsequent discussions led to the First
Collins-Craig Pact – see 21st January.
|
Hopkinson (1988),
pg 79; Gallagher (2003), pg 38; McDermott (2001), pg 157; Dooley (2017a), pg 103; Grant
(2018), pgs 130-131
|
|
Jan-16
|
Official start of
Provisional Government. The Lord-Lieutenant, Edward Talbot Fitzalan,
formally hands over power to Michael Collins and keys to Dublin
Castle.
|
O'Farrell P (1997),
pg xix; Litton (1995), pg 41; Macardle (1999), pg 653; Curran J M (1980),
pg 160
|
|
Jan-16
|
2nd
Southern Division of the IRA votes not to recognise GHQ.
|
Hopkinson (1988),
pg 60
|
|
Jan-16
|
IRA men from the
East Mayo brigade raid the RIC barracks in Charlestown, Co. Mayo in breach
of the Truce. Four RIC men are
wounded or severely beaten. The
raiders make away with 23 Lee-Enfield rifles and 25 revolvers. Raid investigated by Sean Walsh, local
IRA Liaison Officer.
|
Price (2012), pgs
201-202
|
|
Jan-18
|
A meeting takes
place, under chair of Richard Mulcahy, of GHQ Staff and divisional
commandants (with some brigade commandants who were not part of
divisions). Agree to hold Army Convention within two months and that,
in a meantime, a 'watchdog' committee would be set up with members from
both sides. This committee did not meet often.
Liam Pilkington,
O/C 3rd Western Division (who was anti-Treaty) said “All you
want [is] to build up a Free State army so that you can march in step into
the British Army”
(Curran says that
this meeting was acrimonious and that Mulcahy only agreed to holding of
convention to prevent an open break.)
See February 24th
|
O’Donoghue
(1986), pg 211; Farry (2012), pgs 89-91; Townshend (2014), pg 391
|
|
Jan-19
|
IRA Lieutenant
Michael Moran dies of a heart attack at his home in Dooagh, Achill Island,
Co. Mayo. Death due to ill-treatment
in prison.
|
Price (2012), pg
283
|
|
Jan-21
|
At the urging of
Churchill, Collins and Craig meet in London (in Churchill’s office) and
make a pact agreeing that (1) Craig would do all he could to ensure that
Catholics workers expelled from the shipyards would be re-instated and
Collins would seek the end of the Belfast Boycott; (2) They also had
discussions on how to settle the boundary issue and agree that the boundary
commission would have one representative each from the North and South
reporting to Craig and Collins respectively and (3) They agree to try to
find “a more suitable system than the Council of Ireland for dealing with
the problems affecting all-Ireland”. This is known as the First Craig-Collins Pact. Comment
|
Litton (1995), pg
49; Hopkinson (1988), pg 82; Curran J M (1980), pg 165; Phoenix (1994), pgs 170-174; Parkinson (2004),
pg 199; McDermott (2001), pg 159
|
|
Jan 21-28
|
Convention of the
Irish Race held in Paris. A new association is formed called Fine
Ghaedheal. De Valera is elected President and Robert Brennan
(anti-Treaty) is appointed Secretary.
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 665; Brennan (1950), pgs 334-336
|
|
Jan-21
|
District Centres
of the IRB in Cork meet and pass a resolution condemning the Supreme
Council’s statements of the 12th Dec and 12th Jan and
call on them to resign. A number of other circles do likewise and
cease to function.
|
Curran J M
(1980), pg 164; O’Donoghue (1986), pg 194
|
|
Jan-21
|
An unauthorised
attack on RIC men in Tralee, Co. Kerry results in the death of Volunteer
Percy Hannafin and the wounding of an RIC man. [Doyle says that this happened on the 20th
when the IRA men tried to seize an RIC lorry which was in a garage for repair and it led on the 21st
to a gun battle on the streets of Tralee between the RIC and the IRA.]
|
Horgan (2018), pg
302; Doyle (2008), pg 75
|
|
Jan-21
|
After
considerable discussion as to its nature, the Provisional Government
decides to set up an unarmed national police force called the Civic Guard
with Michael Staines (but see February 21st) as its first
commissioner. Staines and Mulcahy set
up a number of committees to decide on structure, size, operational issues,
etc. See February 9th.
|
Townshend (2014),
pg 288
|
|
Jan-23
|
British Army
evacuate barracks in Swinford and Claremorris, Co. Mayo
|
Price (2012), pg
198
|
|
Jan-23
|
The Belfast
Newsletter, despite its earlier opposition to the Treaty (see Dec 17),
says that if the Provisional Government is prepared to take an attitude of
goodwill to the NI Government then the Treaty “is likely to turn out a
blessing to the whole of Ireland”. Comment
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 199
|
|
Jan-24
|
Collins,
O’Higgins and Duggan agree with the British Cabinet’s Provisional
Government of Ireland committee in London on the working arrangements for
the transfer of power (transfer of departments, role of viceroy,
demobilisation of RIC, etc.). Auxiliaries to leave Ireland by end of
January, RIC to cease to function as the police force by end of February
and all British troops were quickly concentrated in Dublin, Cork and the
Curragh (except for Treaty ports).
|
Curran J M
(1980), pgs 160-161
|
|
Jan -24
|
Ronald McNeill
M.P. states in the Morning Post that the agreement between Craig and
Collins is “the definite and formal recognition by Mr. Collins of the
status of Ulster as a separate Government in Ireland”
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 658
|
|
Jan-24
|
Belfast Boycott
formally ended.
|
Phoenix (1994), pg 176
|
|
Jan-25
|
In Belfast, Craig
says that “I will never give in to any re-arrangement of the boundary that
leaves our Ulster area less than it is under the Government of Ireland
Act”. Phoenix says 27th.
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 658; Phoenix (1994), pg 175
|
|
Jan-27
|
Killarney handed
over.
|
Abbott (2000), pg
275
|
|
Jan-30
|
Collins tells his
cabinet that he wanted a definite policy decided upon re Northern
Ireland. In the evening, cabinet meets with RC Bishop MacRory of Down
and Conor to discuss the north. (Eoin O’Duffy also in
attendance.) They discuss a non-recognition policy towards the NI
government including the paying of teachers’ salaries (which were due to be
taken over by NI Ministry of Education on 1st February) and
local government. Collins says that he will speak to Devlin about
pan-nationalist non-recognition pact.
|
Phoenix (1994), pgs 178-179
|
|
Jan-31
|
IRA GHQ
officially takes over Beggars Bush Barracks, Dublin as its HQ. As
Dublin Guard march past City Hall (where the Provisional Government are
housed), Collins takes the salute. Cheering crowds line the streets. More Detail
|
O'Farrell P
(1997), pg xix; Litton (1995), pg 42; Macardle (1999), pg 655; Curran J M
(1980), pg 163; Dorney (2017), pg 35
|
|
Jan-31
|
Collins meets
with Devlin in Gresham Hotel, Dublin. They agree that they will not
enter the NI parliament. Devlin says he is anxious to have a policy
which will unite northern nationalists.
|
McDermott (2001),
pg 162
|
|
Jan
|
De Valera forms Cumann
na Poblachta (the Republican Party) of the TDs who had voted against
the Treaty. (Curran says this happened in early March.)
|
Macardle (1999),
pg 657; Curran J M (1980), pg 173
|
|
End-Jan
|
IRA sets up an
Ulster Council made up of senior officers from the various divisions with
brigades in Ulster. It includes officers who had declared for and against
the Treaty and some neutrals. It is
chaired by Frank Aiken who had taken a neutral stance. See 7th/8th
February.
|
Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 61
|
|
End-Jan
|
Craig cannot or
will not get the expelled Belfast workers re-instated. By end of
January, only 20 of the estimated 7,000 expelled workers are re-instated.
|
Phoenix (1994), pg 177
|