July
1922
|
Jul-1 to 5-22/1 |
The Battle for Dublin In sometimes fierce fighting, pro-Treaty
forces clear anti-Treaty troops from a number of buildings in Dublin mostly
in the city centre. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg xxii; Hopkinson (1988), pg 124; Curran J M (1980), pg 236; Macardle (1999), pgs 753-754; Brennan (1950), pg 344; Dorney (2017), pgs 89-98; Walsh (2018), pg 180; Doyle (2008), pgs 103-106; O’Connor and Connolly (2011), pgs 103-112 |
|
Jul-01-22/1 |
The only two posts in Munster in pro-Treaty hands are Skibbereen and Listowel and these are attacked. Listowel surrenders on July 1st (or June 29th – see Jun-29-22/6) and Skibbereen on July 4th. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 261 |
|
Jul-01-22/2 |
Fighting breaks out in Drogheda between pro-
and anti-Treaty forces resulting in the deaths of one pro-Treaty soldier
(John Lynch) and one-anti Treaty soldier (Liam Leech). |
Hall (2019), pg 103 |
|
Jul-01-22/3 |
Dorney says Collins informs his cabinet that he has declared himself Commander-in-Chief of the National Army but Power and others say July 13th - See Jul-13-22/1. |
Dorney (2017), pg 70; Power (2020), pg 75 |
|
Jul-01-22/2 |
A unionist publican, William Frazer, from Newtownhamiltown, Co. Armagh is abducted by three armed men on his way to Newry. He is never seen alive again and his body is not found until 1924. (Lawlor says July 1st but Hall says July 6th.) |
Lawlor (2011), pgs 300-301; Hall (2019), pg 96 |
|
Jul-01-22/3 |
Anti-Treaty forces abandon the old RIC
barracks in Ennis, Co. Clare leaving Ennis in the hands of the pro-Treaty
forces. They set fire to the barracks
before leaving it – they also set fire to the old RIC barracks in Clare
Castle before abandoning it along with other ex-RIC barracks such as in
Lisdoonvarna, Ennistymon, Kildysart and Liscannor. The anti-Treatyites set up their HQ in the
Corofin Workhouse. |
Power (2020), pgs 64-67 |
|
Jul-01-22/4 |
Churchill writes to Andy Cope (who was still
in Dublin) saying that he hoped that the Provisional Government would not
“indulge in recriminations" about what he said in the British Parliament
(see Jun-26-22/2) and says that his intervention “nearly stopped them acting
by our tactless remarks after they had already made up their minds
spontaneously”. Churchill also says that “I consider the
events of the last three days and the actions of the Irish leaders constitute
a striking vindication of the judgement and instinct which you have displayed
in Irish affairs.” Churchill promised to submit Cope’s name to the king for
special recognition. Cope’s stock was high with the British
government. His urging the British
cabinet to stick by the Provisional Government (see, for example,
Apr-19-22/3) proved successful in the eyes of the British. More specifically, Cope won out in his
bureaucratic battle with Macready – see Apr-15-22/3. Cope’s judgement would be needed again – See Sep-07-22/3. |
Ferriter (2021), pg 45; McMahon (2008), pg 91 |
|
Jul-01-22/5 |
Writing to Curtis, Andy Cope says that the
Provisional Government has asked for the Royal Navy to be deployed on the
south and west coasts to prevent arms being smuggled into Ireland by the
anti-Treatyites. According to McMahon,
the Royal Navy deployed a substantial number of boats and made “many searches
of vessels in the summer of 1922”. |
McMahon (2008), pg 93 |
|
Jul-01-22/6 |
A delegation of women, led by Louie Bennett
from the Irish Women Workers Council, meets with Collins and Cosgrave. They argue that it was wrong to take
military action against the Four Courts before the Dáil could convene. Collins tells them a cessation of
hostilities at this stage would endanger the lives of members of his
government and Cosgrave tells them that the only terms that he would accept
from the anti-Treatyites was unconditional surrender. Also, Ernst Blythe informs his fellow members
of the Provisional cabinet that he had received a visit from Laurence
O’Neill, Lord Mayor of Dublin; the Archbishop of Dublin and Cathal O’Shannon
of the Labour Party. They were
proposing a ceasefire but this was rejected by the cabinet. |
Kissane (2005), pgs 130-131 |
|
Jul-02-22/1 |
Anti-Treaty forces attack the pro-Treaty post
in the workhouse in Boyle, Co. Roscommon (resulting in the death of Michael Dockery,
O/C of the pro-Treaty forces and former O/C of the North Roscommon
Brigade). The fighting lasts three days until Sean Mac
Eoin arrives with pro-Treaty re-enforcements and an 18-pound gun. The
anti-Treaty forces retreat to the Arigna mountains. As they retreated, they
ambushed a pro-Treaty patrol at Ardcarne outside Carrick-on-Shannon with one
pro-Treaty soldier was killed. The Arigna anti-Treaty column is under the command of Edward (Ned) Bulfin. |
Hopkinson (1988), pgs 158-159; McGarty (2020), pgs 116-117 |
|
Jul-02-22/2 |
After escaping from the Four Courts, Ernie
O’Malley regroups with a number of other anti-Treatyites around Blessington,
south of Dublin. They link up with 110 strong anti-Treaty column from
Tipperary led by Mick Sheehan bringing their strength to about 150 men. The plan was to move on Dublin but, due to
a mix-up between O’Malley in Blessington and Traynor in Dublin, this move did
not happen. See Jul-06-22/2. |
Dorney (2017), pg 108 |
|
Jul-02-22/3 |
Led by Frank Carty (O/C South Sligo) and Tom
Carney (O/C East Mayo), anti-Treaty forces capture the workhouse in Colloney,
Co Sligo. They also carry out sniping
attacks on nearby Markree Castle (which had been occupied by pro-Treaty
forces). During this sniping, a
pro-Treaty soldier (Lieutenant P. J. McDermott from Riverstown, Co. Sligo) is
shot dead. In Sligo Town, anti-Treaty forces abandon the
military barracks (after burning it) which they had held and establish a new
HQ at Rahelly House on the Gore-Booth estate at Lissadell. The anti-Treaty forces are under the
command of Billy (Liam) Pilkington and Brian MacNeill. Sniping continued in Sligo Town over the
next few days, during which one pro-Treaty soldier and one civilian are
killed. |
Farry (2012), pgs 98-99; McGarty (2020), pg 117; Hopkinson (1988), pg 158 |
|
Jul-02-22/4 |
After it was evacuated by pro-Treaty soldiers on June 28th, anti-Treaty volunteers burnt down Woodstock House near Inistioge, Co. Kilkenny. (Woodstock House had been occupied by Auxiliaries during the War of Independence and was subsequently occupied by pro-Treaty forces. The latter were ordered to proceed to Dublin on the first day of the Civil War.) |
Walsh (2018), pgs 182-183 |
|
Jul-02-22/5 |
The Protestant rectory in Kildysart, Co. Clare
is burnt by anti-Treatyites before they abandon it. |
Power (2020), pg 158 |
|
Jul-03-22/1 |
Permission given by Provisional Government for the raising of 20,000 men to serve in pro-Treaty Army for six months. A Call to Arms is issued on July 6th. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 136; Macardle (1999), pg 766; Kissane (2005), pg 155 |
|
Jul-03-22/2 |
Writing to Liam Lynch, Florence O’Donoghue (See cJun-10-22/1) says “my sympathies are entirely with you … but out of civil war will come, not the republic or unity or freedom or peace but a prolonged struggle in which the best elements in the country will be annihilated or overborne”. O’Donoghue goes on to set up, with others, the
Neutral IRA - See cDec-01-22/1. |
Ferriter (2021), pg 51 |
|
Jul-03-22/3 |
A civilian, Sarah Richardson, is killed by a
stray bullet on Mark St. in Dublin. |
Dorney (2017), pg 90 |
|
Jul-04-22/1 |
Liam Lynch (on the anti-Treaty side) and Donncada Hannigan and Michael Brennan (on the Pro-Treaty side) agree to a truce in Limerick. (Curran says that Hannigan and Brennan did this so as to stall until additional arms arrived from Dublin but that this action made pro-Treaty GHQ suspicious of their loyalty.) This truce does not last long – see Jul-07-22/3. |
Curran J M (1980), pg 239; O’Callaghan (2018), pg 108; Corbett (2008), pg 84 |
|
Jul-04-22/2 |
Pro-Treaty forces shell Millmount Barracks in
Drogheda which had been occupied by anti-Treaty forces but the latter had
evacuated the building before the shelling began. One civilian, Alice Slowwy, is killed in
this operation. |
Hall (2019), pg 104 |
|
Jul-04-22/3 |
Frank Aiken, O/C 4th Northern Division, writes to Mulcahy saying he will stay neutral, calls for an end to the fighting and calls for the removal of the Oath from the Treaty because “you have the simple national abhorrence of swearing allegiance to a foreign king and allowing part of the Nation to be ruled by people who have a sworn loyalty to that king.” He also calls for a new IRA army convention and a new constitution framed by the Dáil. At a subsequent meeting, Mulcahy rejects Aiken’s proposals but Aiken confirms his neutrality. (Aiken, with Mulcahy’s approval, goes to Limerick to take part in the peace talks happening there – see Jul-08-22/1) |
Macardle (1999), pgs 761-762; Curran J M (1980), pg 240 |
|
Jul-04-22/4 |
Parkinson says that Joseph Hurson (15), a Catholic from Unity St., Belfast, is shot in the head on this day by a loyalist sniper and subsequently dies in hospital. McDermott says June 23rd. Later in the evening of July 4th, James Mooney (70), a Protestant from Third St., was shot by an IRA sniper and he dies some days later. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 299; McDermott (2001), pg 259; Parkinson (2020), pg 243 |
|
Jul-04-22/5 |
Memos are sent to the newspapers by
Provisional Government ordering them to not use the phrase Free State troops
but rather National Forces. Later, in
October, more detailed orders given.
For example, anti-Treaty army to be referred to as Irregulars and not
Republicans and Irregular leaders are not to be given a rank. See Jul-07-22/2. |
Dorney (2017), pgs 147-148; Kissane (2005), pg
81 |
|
Jul-04-22/6 |
Pro- and anti-Treaty army leaders in Donegal
(including Joe Sweeney on the pro-Treaty side and Charlie Daly on the
anti-Treaty side) meet for discussions in Wilkin’s Hotel in Churchill, Co.
Donegal. However, as with the earlier meeting in Drumboe at the beginning of
May (see cMay-01-22/4), the meeting does not resolve anything. |
Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 157-158 |
|
Jul-04-22/7 |
Children from the Protestant orphanage in
Clifden, Co. Galway are evacuated to two Royal Navy vessels after their home
is burnt down by anti-Treaty forces. |
McMahon (2008), pg 85 |
|
Jul-05-22/1 |
The last remaining anti-Treaty men holding out
in O’Connell St. surrender- they are led by Cathal Brugha who is shot dead
after refusing to lay down his arms. A large number of the anti-Treaty men in
O’Connell St (including leaders such as Traynor, de Valera, Barton, Art
O’Connor, Stack) had slipped away in the previous days. Large parts of
O’Connell St and the Four Courts are in ruins – damage estimated at between 3
and 4 million pounds. The Irish Independent states that “The Irish government was obliged to take action against the Irregulars who had defied, not a British but an Irish government” |
Macardle (1999), pgs 753-754; Curran J M (1980), pg 236; Dorney (2017), pgs 96-97 & 103; Townshend (2014), pg 410 |
|
Jul-05-22/2 |
Anti-Treaty volunteers, who had taken over an
unoccupied house, at Curraghtown near Trim, Co. Meath, are surrounded by
pro-Treaty forces. In the ensuing
fighting, pro-Treaty Commandant Sean Nolan (from Hospital St, Kildare Town)
and anti-Treaty volunteer George McDermott are killed. |
Durney (2011), pgs 81-82 |
|
cJul-05-22/3 |
A young girl, Margaret Byrne, from Thomas
Court, Dublin dies after her ‘face was blown away’ and William Byrne of Abbey
St dies after being shot in his stomach. |
Dorney (2017), pg 90 |
|
Jul-05-22/4 |
Two anti-Treaty volunteers (Laurence Sweeney
and Sylvester Sheppard) are killed in fighting near Castledermot, Co.
Kildare. Sweeney is from Stillorgan or Dundrum, Co.
Dublin and Sheppard is from Kill Cottages, Monasterevin, Co. Kildare. The anti-Treaty forces suffered further
casualties as they retreated from the town.
|
Dorney (2017), pg 108; Durney (2011), pgs 82-83; Ferriter (2021), pgs 102 & 191 |
|
Jul-05-22/5 |
A pro-Treaty outpost in Kinlough, Co. Leitrim
is taken by anti-Treaty forces and the 15-man garrison is disarmed. |
McGarty (2020), pg 118 |
|
Jul-05-22/6 |
A large force of anti-Treaty men (some 300 men), under Dinny Lacey (O/C of the 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the anti-Treaty army) attack Urlingford Barracks in Co. Kilkenny. After about three hours, the pro-Treaty garrison of 17 men in the barracks surrender.
|
Walsh (2018), pgs 183-184 |
|
Jul-05-22/7 |
11 IRA men are arrested in a raid on St
Peter’s Club in Sultan St in Belfast. A number of IRA reports also
found. A large number of IRA men are arrested and IRA weapons found in Belfast in this period. Raids which netted IRA reports and documents gave further names which increased the number of IRA men interned. |
McDermott (2001), pgs 260-262 |
|
Jul-06-22/1 |
Birkenhead says in the House of Commons “the situation is more hopeful than it has been at any moment since this Treaty was come to”.
|
Hopkinson (1988), pg 126; Macardle (1999), pg 757 |
|
Jul-06-22/2 |
An anti-Treaty IRA column of over a 100 men
from South Tipperary under Mick Sheehan (which had taken over Blessington and
were joined by men from the South Dublin Brigade and others fleeing from
Dublin including Harry Boland and Ernie O’Malley – see Jul-02-22/2 above) are
surrounded by the pro-Treaty forces and a large number of the men in the
anti-Treaty column are captured by July 8th. The pro-Treaty army proceeds to retake
anti-Treaty posts in south Dublin, west Wicklow, south Kildare and north
Carlow. In all, nearly 200
anti-Treatyites captured in Blessington, Brittas and Ballymore Eustace. Two pro-Treaty soldiers were killed in this operation (Privates Patrick Smith and Patrick Doyle) and four were wounded. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 142; Curran J M (1980), pg 239 |
|
Jul-06-22/3 |
According to Hopkinson, two anti-Treaty
volunteers are killed outside Mary Willie’s pub in Urlingford. However, according
to Walsh only one was killed, Paddy English from Rehill, Co. Tipperary. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 167; Walsh (2018), pg 184 |
|
Jul-06-22/4 |
A 15-year old boy, William Saunderson, is shot
dead by pro-Treaty troops outside Mountjoy Prison – they claim that he was
signalling to prisoners inside the prison. |
Dorney (2017), pg 98 |
|
Jul-06-22/5 |
The anti-Treaty newspaper, Poblacht na hÉireann, claims that Griffith and Collins intentionally started the civil war before the parliaments (Dáil and Provisional Parliament) met and, having seized power, they had formed a dictatorship. (The parliaments were due to meet on June 30th
and July 1st but were prorogued on a number of occasions before eventually
meeting on September 9th – see Sep-09-22/1) |
Regan (2013), pg 117 |
|
Jul-06-22/6 |
Fighting breaks out between pro- and
anti-Treaty forces in Kilkee, Co. Clare. |
Power (2020), pg 67 |
|
Jul-07-22/1 |
Churchill writes to Collins saying that “Now,
all is changed.” expressing sympathy
for his “terrible ordeal” but maintains that strong measures were essential –
“resolution and courage was indispensable if Ireland were to be saved from
anarchy and the treaty from destruction”.
He goes on to say that “a new phase will begin far more hopeful than
any we have heretofore experienced. In this phase the objective must be the
unity of Ireland.” In reply to Collins’s outrage at Craig’s proposal to abolish PR in NI, Churchill said that minor irritations such as that should not be allowed to lead us off track. See Jul-28-22/5. |
Curran J M (1980), pg 237; Dorney (2017), pg 103; Matthews (2004), pg 82; McMahon (2008), pg 87 |
|
Jul-07-22/2 |
Provisional Government issues a national call
to arms. The title 'National Army' is formalised. Also the minutes of the Provisional Government note that the editors of the Freeman’s Journal and the Irish Times had been called in for interview after coverage that the government considered unsatisfactory and that since then these newspapers had shown a “considerable improvement”. |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg xxii; Curran J M (1980), pg 238; Kissane (2005), pg 81 |
|
Jul-07-22/3 |
Despite attempts by Liam Lynch (on the
anti-Treaty side) and Donncada Hannigan and Michael Brennan (on the
pro-Treaty side) to avert clashes, fighting breaks out between the two sides
in Limerick. Hopkinson says that Hannigan and Brennan (O/C 2nd Southern and O/C 1st Western pro-Treaty Divisions respectively) agreed a truce with Lynch in Limerick on July 7th (despite protests from General Diarmaid MacManus who had been sent by O’Duffy to prevent any further peace talks). Hopkinson says that the truce gave the Provisional Government time to build up their forces and caused anti-Treaty forces in Cork and Kerry to become deeply disillusioned. (On July 6th, Sean Moylan had urged Liam Deasy to take action “Send on the men and let us get on with the war”.) However, Deasy and Lynch still hoped that Brennan and O’Hannigan would stay neutral but the latter were simply delaying so that they could build up their pro-Treaty troops (backed by armoured cars) in Limerick. See Jul-11-22/7. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 265; Hopkinson (1988), pgs 147-149; O’Callaghan (2018), pg 108 |
|
Jul-07-22/4 |
Pro-Treaty forces take Galway |
Curran J M (1980), pg 241 |
|
Jul-07-22/5 |
Some 50 anti-Treaty volunteers, including
their O/C George McCallion, are captured after a brief battle at Skeog House,
between Bridge End and Burnfoot in Co. Donegal. One anti-Treaty volunteer, Hugh Morrison from
the Greggan in Derry City, was seriously wounded and dies a week later from
his injuries. |
Ozseker (2019), pg 179; Ó Duibhir (2011), pg 163-165 |
|
Jul-07-22/6 |
Two creameries at Chapeltown and Ballymacquin
near Tralee, Co. Kerry, owned by the Manchester Co-operative Society, are
burnt to the ground |
Doyle (2008), pg 109 |
|
Jul-08-22/1 |
Frank Aiken travels to Limerick to meet Liam Lynch. He told him that although he had moral right on his side, it was bad tactics. However, he does not persuade him to cease fighting. |
Macardle (1999), pg 762 |
|
Jul-08-22/2 |
With Aiken in Limerick, O’Duffy writes to Aiken ordering him to return to his divisional area and take action against the anti-Treaty forces, led by Patrick McKenna, in Dundalk. He sends similar orders to John McCoy, Adjutant of the 4th Northern Division. McCoy replies saying that the 4th Northern was neutral. O’Duffy threatens to send troops to Dundalk. McCoy replies that such troops would be considered hostile. |
|
|
Jul-08-22/3 |
Emmet Dalton briefs Macready on military situation and requests further arms and ammunition. |
Curran J M (1980), pg 237 |
|
Jul -08-22/4 |
A pro-Treaty soldier, Edward Couglan, is shot
in an attack in Amiens St, Dublin and dies a month later. |
Dorney (2017), pg 98 |
|
Jul-08-22/5 |
A Protestant mob attacks Catholics living in Conway
St., Belfast which results in a number of Catholics leaving their
homes. Another attempt to get Catholics to leave
their homes the following evening is foiled by Specials based in the Falls
Road library and evicted residents of Norfolk and Conway Streets are escorted
back to their homes. Later, a Protestant youth, Frank McAleer, is shot dead by the RUC at his front door in the west of the City. |
Parkinson (2004), pgs 299-300; Parkinson (2020), pg 243 |
|
Jul-08-22/6 |
The Kildare Observer reports that pro-Treaty Lieutenant Casey dies of wounds received from sniping by anti-Treaty forces. He died in the Curragh Hospital. |
Durney (2011), pg 80-81 |
|
Jul-09-22/1 |
Liam Deasy (who took over as O/C of 1st Southern Division of anti-Treaty forces from Liam Lynch) writes that “We are getting down to a systematic plan of defence. At the moment, we are engaged in stretching that important line Waterford to Clonmel taking the River Suir as a line.” (However, Hopkinson claims that the anti-Treaty’s famous Waterford-Limerick defensive line never really existed.) |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 129 |
|
Jul-09-22/2 |
Pro-Treaty Army Sergeant John Byrne is killed
by a revolver shot in an attack on his outpost on Harolds Cross bridge in
Dublin. Also, Private Gerard O’Connor dies after an attack in Portobello in
which two other pro-Treaty soldiers are wounded. |
Dorney (2017), pg 98 |
|
Jul-09-22/3 |
Special Constable Thomas Cochrane is
accidently shot by a colleague in Katesbridge Barracks in Co. Down and later
dies of his wounds. |
Abbott (2019), pg 404 |
|
Jul-09-22/4 |
Officers of the IRA Northern Divisions meet
with Collins, Mulcahy and other members of the Beggar’s Bush staff and agree
that their campaign in the North should cease. Parkinson (2020) quoting Lynch says that,
despite considerable activity a few months before, the IRA in Northern
Ireland had “collapsed in ignominious and total defeat with the partition
settlement of 1920 emerging virtually unscathed”. Parkinson (2020) also says that between April and December 1922, some “1700 republicans left Belfast … to join the Free State army”. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 223; McDermott (2001), pg 264; Parkinson (2020), pg 191 |
|
Jul-09-22/5 |
Anti-Treaty forces based in Rahelly House in Sligo (see Jul-02-22/3) attack the pro-Treaty garrison in the barracks in Manorhamilton, Co. Leitrim. However, they withdraw after the intervention of a local curate, Fr John Brady. Anti-Treaty forces again attack the barracks on July 16th. |
McGarty (2020), pg 117 |
|
Jul-10-22/1 |
The Provisional Government decided that
anti-Treaty prisoners could be released on signing a pledge not to take up arms
again against the Provisional Government.
The latter said that “while it might be advisable to keep some of the
leaders in custody for the present, no good purpose would be served by
retaining large numbers of the rank and file, and that the public should be
prepared by careful propaganda for an early general release”. However, as the Civil War went on the need for more prison accommodation arose with Kilmainham being re-opened with Sean O Muirthile as governor. Diarmaid O’Hegarty moved to being governor of Mountjoy. Gormanstown and the Curragh were also opened. There were a lot of protests from prisoners about conditions especially in Limerick jail. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 139; Kissane (2005), pg 107 |
|
Jul-10-22/2 |
Sean Moylan leads a column of anti-Treaty men to New Ross in Co. Wexford. After staying around for a few days, he leads them out of there again. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 144 |
|
Jul-10-22/3 |
Two pro-Treaty soldiers, Thomas Reilly (from
Valleymount, Co. Wicklow) and Paddy Tierney (from Newbridge, Co. Kildare) are
approaching Coolcarrigan House (outside Naas, Co. Kildare) with a view to
joining the anti-Treaty forces when they are shot at by anti-Treaty
volunteers. Reilly is killed. Tierney survives but is badly wounded. |
Durney (2011), pgs 84-85 |
|
Jul-11-22/4 |
Sean O’Hegarty tells Lynch “No other course was open to Griffith and Collins except to attack Rory O’Connor in the Four Courts”. O’Hegarty and Florence O’Donoghue of the Cork No. 1 Brigade remain neutral during the Civil War – see cDec-01-22/1. |
|
|
Jul-11-22/5 |
Anti-Treaty forces enter Sligo Town and their
Commandant Seamus Devins demands the surrender of the pro-Treaty forces in
the town but pro-Treaty O/C Martin Fallon refuses. Following
intervention from the RC Bishop of Elphin, the anti-Treaty forces do not
attack and withdraw their men from the town.
Farry says this foray took place on July 14th and that the anti-Treaty forces used the captured Ballinalee armoured car in this foray into Sligo – see Jul-13-22/5.) |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 159; Farry (2012), pg 99 |
|
Jul-11-22/6 |
Anti-Treaty Volunteer John Connolly is killed
in Tullaghan, Co. Leitrim – apparently accidently. |
McGarty (2020), pg 116 |
|
Jul-11-22/7 |
After 150 pro-Treaty troops arrive in Limerick
(see Jul-07-22/3), Brennan sends Lynch formal confirmation that the truce is
over and fighting breaks out. Neither side gains substantial advantage in the early days of the fighting. The fighting lasts until July 21st. The fighting is concentrated around anti-Treaty held positions. Thousands of civilians flee and there are a number of civilian casualties. See Jul-19-22/1. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 149-150; Curran J M (1980), pg 239; O’Callaghan (2018), pgs 108-109; Corbett (2008), pg 84 |
|
Jul-11-22/8 |
Harry Little, a Protestant tram driver, goes to the aid of Catholic neighbours who are being evicted in Belfast and is himself shot dead. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 300; Parkinson (2020), pg 244 |
|
Jul-11-22/9 |
The Londonderry Sentinel reports that William Brown[e] from Bishop St., Derry dies at Derry Infirmary after being brought there by Specials to receive treatment. He had joined the pro-Treaty army and had been shot by anti-Treaty volunteers during an incident on the Donegal/Derry border at Kilderry. |
Ozseker (2019), pg 180; Ó Duibhir (2011), pg 171 |
|
Jul-11-22/10 |
An anti-Treaty column, led by Charlie Daly, ambush
a pro-Treaty convoy at Drumkeen, on the Stranorlar to Letterkenny road, in
Co. Donegal. Two pro-Treaty soldiers from Donegal (Jack
Sweeney from Milford and Charlie McGinley from Glenswilly) are killed and two
others are taken prisoner. The two prisoners
are later released. A number of
anti-Treaty volunteers resign in the aftermath of this ambush. |
Ozseker (2019), pg 181; Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 167-169; Gallagher (2003), pg 40; Grant (2018), pg 139 |
|
Jul-12-22/1 |
Liam Lynch moves the anti-Treaty army HQ from Limerick to Clonmel. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 266; Corbett (2008), pg 86 |
|
Jul-12-22/2 |
O’Malley informs Lynch that, after leaving
Blessington, he had moved his column south and captured a number of towns
including Enniscorthy. Paddy O’Brien (who had commanded the Four Courts
garrison) is killed during the taking of Enniscorthy. |
Dorney (2017), pgs 108-109 |
|
Jul-12-22/3 |
With his O/C, Frank Aiken, still in Limerick, John McCoy (Adj, 4th Northern) has to deal with a small scale mutiny in Dundalk barracks. The officer in charge of barracks, Dominic Doherty, and five or six other men are court-martialled – Doherty is ordered to leave the area immediately and the rest are imprisoned.
|
Hall (2019), pg 105 |
|
Jul-12-22/4 |
Large raid on a train (by anti-Treatyites?) at
Churchill, Co. Donegal. |
|
|
Jul-12-22/5 |
Pro-Treaty brigade staff in East Limerick
(numbering 47) captured by anti-Treaty forces. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 150 |
|
Jul-12-22/6 |
Even though there are disturbances in the early hours of July 12th, the big parades pass off peacefully in Belfast. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 200 |
|
Jul-12-22/7 |
Provisional Government states that meeting of the Third Dáil due to take place on July 15th (see Jun-30-22/1) is prorogued again for another fortnight. In its Official Statement, the Provisional
Government states that tolerance of an armed organisation in the country
would lead to economic ruin and the re-establishment of the British
government in Ireland. Collins writes to Desmond Fitzgerald on this
date admitting that the reason for the proroguing is to deflect criticism. In
his memo to Fitzgerald, Collins encourages him to emphasise the economically
destructive nature of the campaign being waged by the anti-Treatyites. On July 29th, it is prorogued again until August 12th. In all, the Third Dáil is prorogued five times and does not meet until September 9th. |
Macardle (1999), pg 767; Curran J M (1980), pg 240; Kissane (2005), pgs 102-103 & 128 & 130 |
|
Jul-13-22/1 |
Pro-Treaty
War Council A pro-Treaty War Council comes into being with
Michael Collins as Commander-in-Chief; Richard Mulcahy as Minister of Defence
and Chief-of-Staff and Eoin O'Duffy as assistant Chief-of-Staff and commander
of the south western division. Hopkinson says that this War Council
never met again. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 266; Litton (1995) pg 82; Hopkinson (1988), pg 136 & 139; Curran J M (1980), pgs 239-240; Dorney (2017), pg 105; Kissane (2005), pg 80; Regan (2013), pgs 91 &121-125 |
|
Jul-13-22/2 |
The pro-Treaty army is re-organised and there
are changes in the Provisional Government. |
|
|
Jul-13-22/3 |
Writing from the Dublin mountains to Joe McGarrity in the States, Harry Boland says “I am certain we cannot be defeated even if Collins and his British guns succeed in garrisoning every town in Ireland”. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 132 |
|
Jul-13-22/4 |
Collins visits the HQ of the pro-Treaty 1st Western Division in Ennis, Co. Clare and meets with its O/C Michael Brennan and his officers. He also visits RC Bishop Fogarty. |
Power (2020), pg 75 |
|
Jul-13-22/5 |
Kilmallock and Caherconlish (Limerick) taken by anti-Treaty forces. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 150 |
|
Jul-13-22/6 |
Pro-Treaty forces attacked at Rockwood, Co.
Sligo (on the shores of Lough Gill) by anti-Treaty forces under Frank
Carty. Four or five pro-Treaty soldiers are killed (including pro-Treaty Comdt Sean Adare) and four wounded. Remaining pro-Treaty soldiers surrender. Anti-Treaty forces also capture the armoured car called the Ballinalee (which they re-name the Lough Gill). After this, General Sean Mac Eoin took a force of 300-400 pro-Treaty soldiers from Athlone and re-captures Colloney following a four-hour battle. (O’Farrell and Farry say July 14th.) |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 159; O'Farrell P (1997), pg 141 & 142; Farry (2012), pg 99 |
|
Jul-13-22/7 |
Robert Boyd, a protestant, is crushed by a Crossley tender during minor disturbances in the Newtownards Rd. area of Belfast and dies a few days later. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 301; Parkinson (2020), pg 244 |
|
Jul-14-22/1 |
Frank Aiken, on returning from Limerick, meets with his officers of his 4th Northern Division and they agree that unless the Provisional Government withdraws the Oath for admission to Parliament then they would give them no support – moral or material. He then went to Dublin to talk to Mulcahy on July 15th. Mulcahy asked for a memo on how a resolution on how the situation of the 4th Northern might be resolved. See Jul-16-22/1. |
Macardle (1999), pg762; Curran J M (1980), pg 241; Hall (2019), pg 106 |
|
Jul-14-22/2 |
Without Dáil approval, the cabinet of the
Provisional Government issues order suspending the sittings of the republican
Supreme Court. On July 26th, George Gavan Duffy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) resigns in protest saying that the cabinet had abolished the court rather than deal with applications for habeas corpus. He also said that the new state’s judiciary
should evolve from the republican courts.
However, soon afterwards the cabinet decided to formally rescind the
Dáil decree that established the Parish and District courts. O’Higgins claimed that the old British
system was sounder and more experienced than its republican rival. Kissane notes that the abolition of the
“Parish and District courts followed logically from the abolition of the
republican Supreme and Circuit Courts, and was imperative once the Dail [sic]
courts had shown a predilection for favouring IRA prisoners in their
verdicts.” After the public row caused by Gavan Duffy’s resignation, on August 11th the cabinet decided that, in future, cabinet decisions should not be issued in the name of individual ministers. |
Macardle (1999), pg 768; Ferriter (2021), pg 48; Kissane (2005), pgs 80-81 & 103 |
|
Jul-14-22/3 |
Writing to Mulcahy, Seamus Woods (O/C of pro-Treaty 3rd Northern Division) says that “the civil population [in Belfast] – war weary, tired of long, drawn-out struggle with never a strong national outlook at best – are only too anxious to acquiesce”. |
Parkinson (2020), pgs 190-191 |
|
Jul-14-22/4 |
An anti-Treaty volunteer, John Dobbyn, is accidently
killed by a fellow volunteer near Dungarvan, Co. Waterford during the retreat
of anti-Treaty forces. |
McCarthy (2015), pg 110 |
|
Jul-14-22/5 |
Reporting to the British government’s
Provisional Government of Ireland Committee, Macready said that the “Provisional
Government had made a much better fight than might be expected”. (Later, in his memoirs – published in 1924 -
Macready gloated that “retribution overtook a large proportion of the gunmen
at the hands of their own countrymen and former abettors in murder”.) |
McMahon (2008), pg 87 |
|
Jul-15-22/1 |
The Protestant church in Miltown-Malbay, Co.
Clare is destroyed. Even though they
deny it, the local anti-Treatyites are blamed for this sectarian attack. |
Power (2020), pgs 156-157 |
|
Jul-15-22/2 |
Liam Lynch moves the anti-Treaty HQ from
Clonmel to Fermoy. In Limerick, pro-Treaty forces launch an attack on Strand Barracks and Castle Barracks but they are repelled. Pro-Treaty forces realise that they will require artillery to take these positions. See Jul-19-22/1. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 266; Corbett (2008), pg 88 |
|
Jul-15-22/3 |
Frank Crilly, a Protestant, is shot on his way home after curfew. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 301 |
|
Jul-15-22/4 |
The pro-Treaty Provisional Government issues a
“Government Statement for the Information of all Officers and Ranks” of the
pro-Treaty army saying that it is the right of the Irish people to be masters
in their own country, and to decide for themselves the way in which they
shall live and the system by which they will be governed. |
Kissane (2005), pg 59 |
|
Jul-15-22/5 |
Anti-Treaty Forces snipe at pro-Treaty
positions in mid and west Clare. They
also destroyed a number of bridges.
Later, they captured Kilrush and Kilkee with the loss of one
volunteer, Patrick O’Dea. Ó Ruairc also says that Eoin O’Duffy, Michael Brennan and Sean MacEoin held a conference on this day in Quinn’s hotel in Ennis with officers of the 1st Western Division. |
Ó Ruairc (2009), pg 307; Power (2020), pg 107 |
|
Jul-16-22/1 |
Frank Aiken, O/C 4th Northern Division, who had kept his Division neutral, is arrested by pro-Treaty forces, led by Dan Hogan, in Dundalk Military Barracks along with 300 of his men. Aiken says that he woke up with “two Thompsons at my nose”. (Hopkinson says Dan Hogan, O/C 5th Northern Division, acted on his own initiative in capturing Dundalk barracks with backing from Eoin O’Duffy. O’Duffy wished to force Aiken’s hand while Mulcahy would have allowed him his neutrality. It would seem from correspondence between Aiken and Mulcahy that Mulcahy may not have been aware that Dundalk was to be taken by his pro-Treaty troops. Aiken had met with Mulcahy the previous day in Dublin - see Jul-14-22/1. However, it is also possible that Mulcahy and O’Duffy were playing ‘good-cop, bad-cop’ with Aiken.) There were no casualties in the take over the Military Barracks but two men were killed when the pro-Treaty forces were taking over the former RIC barracks in Anne St. The two men were Patrick Quigley and John Joseph Campbell. (Hall says that Quigley was wounded.) See Jul-27-22/5. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 170; Gavin and O’Donnell (1999), pg 34; Dooley (2017a), pg 107; Hall (2019), pg 106 |
|
Jul-16-22/2 |
The anti-Treaty volunteers who were in
occupation of the fort on Inch Island on the Inishowen Penninsula in Co.
Donegal surrender after a 10-day siege. Artillery was used by the pro-Treaty
forces to dislodge the anti-Treaty men. Thirty-three anti-Treaty volunteers are
captured. On seeing what the use of
artillery could do to a fixed position, Sean Lehane (O/C of the anti-Treaty
forces in Donegal) decides to abandon their last post in Donegal in Glenveagh
Castle and form columns which would stay ‘on the run’. See Sep-19-22/4. |
Ozseker (2019), pg 180; Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 170-174 |
|
Jul-17-22/1 |
Commandant General John T. Prout leads his pro-Treaty forces from Kilkenny to attack Waterford City. (Paddy Paul was his second-in-command.) He takes Waterford City on July 21st. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 154; Curran J M (1980), pg 241; McCarthy (2015), pg 106-108; Walsh (2018), pgs 186-187; Ferriter (2021), pgs 50-51 |
|
Jul-17-22/2 |
Anti-Treaty Captain Sean O’Halloran is killed
during a clash between pro- and anti-Treaty forces at Bunahowe on the road
between Gort and Ennis in Co. Clare. |
Ó Ruairc (2009), pg 307; Power (2020), pg 107 |
|
Jul-17-22/3 |
The Provisional Government unanimously decide
not to take action against people engaged in anti-Treaty propaganda who were
not found in arms. |
Kissane (2005), pg 128 |
|
Jul-17-22/4 |
Pro-Treaty army said to consist of 15,000 men. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 136 |
|
Jul-18-22/1 |
The Belfast Newsletter states that refugees from Belfast seeking assistance in Dublin, Glasgow and elsewhere were actually “fugitives from justice” who were “now posing as persecuted Catholics”. |
Parksinson (2020), pg 51 |
|
Jul-19-22/1 |
The
Battle for Limerick. After further pro-Treaty reinforcements arrive in Limerick City (under O’Duffy) the fighting intensifies with artillery being used by the pro-Treaty side to reduce the Strand Barracks to rubble. The fighting is over by July 21st. Hopkinson and Doyle say eight pro-Treaty soldiers are killed and between 20 and 30 anti-Treaty soldiers killed. However, O’Callaghan says six pro-Treaty soldiers, five anti-Treaty soldiers and eleven civilians are killed. One of the anti-Treaty casualties was Volunteer Patrick Foran from Lisellton, Co. Kerry. One of the pro-Treaty casualties was Private Joseph McEnery from Ennis, Co. Clare. |
Hopkinson (1988), pgs 149-150; Curran J M (1980), pg 239; O’Callaghan (2018), pg 109; Corbett (2008), pgs 91-96; Doyle (2008), pg 111; O'Farrell P (1997), pg xxii; Curran J M (1980), pg 239; Power (2020), pg 109 |
|
Jul-19-22/2 |
British Chancellor of the Exchequer, Richard
Horne, agrees to give another £2million to the NI government to fund the
Specials on the condition that “it is all that I can grant for the financial
year 1922/1923”. Craig accepts this
condition but he is soon back for more – see Sep-19-22/2.
|
Matthews (2004), pg 74 |
|
Jul-19-22/3 |
The Protestant church in the village of
Ahascragh, Co. Galway is subjected to an arson attack. This is the most prominent act in a
campaign of low level sectarian intimidation against Protestants in the area
and in neighbouring Ballinasloe. The attack is condemned by the local
Catholic clergy. (Subsequently, the
Free State government paid £7,500 in compensation for the damage to the
church under the Damage to Property Compensation Act 1923.) |
McNamara (2018), pgs 176-179 |
|
cJul-20-22/1 |
Two pro-Treaty soldiers (Privates John Foran and
John Martin) are killed in successive nights in attacks by anti-Treaty
volunteers outside Mountjoy prison in Dublin.
|
Dorney (2017), pg 111 |
|
Jul-20-22/2 |
William McClelland is fatally shot in the
chest in May St in Belfast after refusing to hand over his bicycle. |
Parkinson (2004), pg 301; Parkinson (2020), pg 244 |
|
Jul-21-22/1 |
During a sniping attack on Wellington Barracks
in Dublin by anti-Treaty volunteers, a civilian is killed. This is part of a campaign of attacks and
sniping by anti-Treaty volunteers in Dublin as they start to regroup after
their defeat in the Four Courts and O’Connell St earlier in the month. |
Dorney (2017), pg 111 |
|
Jul-21-22/2 |
Ernie O’Malley (who had been appointed Assistant Chief-of-Staff of the anti-Treaty army on July 10th by Liam Lynch and given command of the Northern and Eastern divisions), writes to Lynch asking “Could you give me an outline of your Military and National Policy as we are in the dark here with regard to both?” See Jul-25-22/6. |
Hopkinson (1988), pgs 129 & 144 |
|
Jul-21-22/3 |
Having secured Limerick City, some pro-Treaty troops are sent to Ennis, Co. Clare where, over the next nine days, they attack anti-Treaty positions and engage in wide-spread sweeps to arrest known anti-Treaty men. They drive the anti-Treaty forces from Kildysart, Kilrush (on July 28th) and Kilkee (on July 30th). According to the Clare Champion “As the [pro-Treaty] lorries entered the town of Kilrush the people clung on to them and cheered wildly. … The welcome that the troops got in Kilkee was even greater.” Captured anti-Treaty documents report hostility to them from most of the population. |
Ó Ruairc (2009), pgs 308-309; Power (2020), pgs 69-73 |
|
Jul-22-22/1 |
The Provisional Government imposes an oath of
loyalty on all civil servants and post office workers. The payment of the salaries to anti-Treaty
TDs is discontinued. They also issue a
warning to pub owners that, if any member of the pro-Treaty army is found
drunk on their premises, they would be fined. |
Kissane (2005), pgs 80 & 160 |
|
Jul-22-22/2 |
Frederick [Arthur?] Solly-Flood, military
adviser to the NI government, writes to the NI Minister for Home Affairs
saying that he had reliable information that “a quantity of the munitions of
war supplied by the British forces to the forces of the PG [Provisional
Government] for the ostensible reason of aiding them to suppress the
republican forces, in reality finds its way back to our territory”. See Jul-31-22/3. |
Ferritier (2021), pg 49 |
|
Jul-23-22/3 |
A report on the Curragh command states that JJ
O’Connell (O/C Curragh command) has little knowledge of his command. Pro-Treaty Commandant Paddy O’Connor passed through the Curragh around this time. He says “The place was in chaos and it was difficult to find anyone in authority.” He does not name O’Connell but says that it was a surprise to find the place in chaos as an “alleged army expert had been posted there to handle organisation and training”. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 157; O’Connor and Connolly (2011), pg 117 |
|
Jul-23-22/4 |
Pro-Treaty forces following the anti-Treaty forces
who evacuated Limerick get stuck down in Bruff-Bruree-Kilmallock triangle. Fighting continues in this area for about two weeks – sometimes resembling trench warfare. See Jul-24-22/2 and Jul-26-22/3.
|
Curran J M (1980), pg 242; O’Callaghan (2018), pg 109 |
|
Jul-23-22/5 |
Pro-Treaty forces under Commandant General
Edward Cooney arrive in Claremorris, Co. Mayo where they are greeted as
liberators. O/C of anti-Treaty 2nd Western Division, Tom Maguire, orders the burning of Ballinrobe RIC station and retreats west. |
Price (2012), pg 216 |
|
Jul-23-22/6 |
Roslevan House in Co. Clare is burnt by
anti-Treaty forces. The Protestant church at Spanish Point is also burnt this
night. It is unclear who carried out
this burning. |
Power (2020), pgs 88 & 92-93 |
|
Jul-23-22/7 |
After Dublin Corporation granted Rory O’Connor
(who worked for them as an engineer) a six month leave of absence, Collins
wrote to his fellow cabinet members saying “it is bound to have a damaging
effect on the Troops if they see public bodies acting in this weak-kneed, bad
spirited way”. |
Kissane (2005), pg 164 |
|
Jul-23-22/8 |
Two Catholic females (aged 12 and 20) are shot
by members of the Sussex Regiment near Jonesborough, Co. Armagh. |
Lynch (2010), pg 201 |
|
Jul-24-22/1 |
Westport Landing Pro-Treaty forces land by sea at Westport. They had left Dublin on July 22nd in the Minerva under Colonel-Commandant O’Malley with 400 men. (Price says that they were led by Brigadier General Joe Ring.) Michael Kilroy, O/C of anti-Treaty 4th Western Division orders the burning of the RIC barracks and post office in Castlebar (but the burning of latter is prevented by local people). After taking Westport, most of the main towns
in Mayo were taken by the pro-Treaty forces in the next few days. By the end of the month, small pro-Treaty garrisons are being closed down and troops withdrawn to the Curragh for training (in anticipation of guerrilla war). |
O'Farrell P (1997), pg xxii; Hopkinson (1988), pg 160; Macardle (1999), pg 761; Price (2012), pgs 220-221 & 225 |
|
Jul-24-22/2 |
Four pro-Treaty soldiers are shot dead by
anti-Treaty men at Ballygibba, near Bruree and Kilmallock, Co. Limerick. It would appear that they were shot after
surrendering. Their surnames were
Power, Murphy, Carey and O’Mahony. |
O’Callaghan (2018), pg 110 |
|
Jul-24-22/3 |
A train carrying anti-Treaty prisoners is ambushed at Killurin, Co. Wexford and a number of prisoners escape. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 198 |
|
Jul-24-22/4 |
Nellie McDonagh is shot dead during a break in
to her home in Riverstown, Co. Sligo by a group of youths looking for a gun
they think is in the house. This is
symptomatic of a widespread rise in lawlessness during this period. |
Farry (2012), pg 107 |
|
Jul-25-22/5 |
Harry Boland writing to Joe McGarrity in the States asks “Can you imagine, me on the run from Mick Collins?” |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 132 |
|
Jul-25-22/6 |
Writing to Ernie O’Malley, Liam Lynch says
“Since the attack on GHQ Four Courts and the splendid rush to arms of IRA in
defence of the Republic against domestic enemies we are finished with the
policy of compromise and negotiation unless based on recognition of the
Republic. … we have no intention of setting up a government but await such
time as An Dáil will carry on as Government of the Republic … In the
meantime, no other Government will be allowed to function.” |
Dorney (2017), pg 106 |
|
Jul-25-22/7 |
Collins writes to Cosgrave asking him to be less abusive in the propaganda about the anti-Treaty forces. He says that “the men who are prepared to go to the extreme limit are misguided, but practically all of them are sincere”. For this reason “we must avoid anything that savours of personal abuse”. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 140; Kissane (2005), pg 103 |
|
Jul-25-22/8 |
Pro-Treaty forces discover an anti-Treaty
column led by Kit McKeon (from Longford) hiding in Brize House on the road
between Claremorris and Balla in Co. Mayo.
In the ensuing gunbattle, there are a number of injuries but no
fatalities. The anti-Treaty column of
13 men surrenders. |
Price (2012), pg 224 |
|
Jul-26-22/1 |
A grenade attack by anti-Treatyites on
pro-Treaty troops in York St, Dublin misses its target and wounds six
civilians |
Dorney (2017), pg 111 |
|
Jul-26-22/2 |
Provisional Government agree to an army strength of 35,000 |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 136 |
|
Jul-26-22/3 |
O’Duffy reports serious reverses on the advance towards Kilmallock. Some of his troops in Bruff had deserted to the anti-Treaty side. Thirty of his men had been captured between Kilmallock and Bruff on July 22nd and forty-seven captured on July 23rd near Thomastown. O’Duffy is very critical of the quality of his troops. After he had established himself in Limerick,
O’Duffy had sent Brennan and his men to clear up resistance in Clare and 200
men under Brigadier Keane is sent west towards Rathkeale and onto Kerry – see
Aug-04-22/4. O’Duffy, along with O’Hannigan and W R E
Murphy, moved towards Kilmallock. See Jul-30-22/2. Hopkinson states that during this period, the
Bruff-Bruree-Kilmallock triangle saw the heaviest continuous fighting of the
Civil War. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 150-152; O’Callaghan (2018), pg 110 |
|
Jul-26-22/4 |
Pro-Treaty forces (some 300 men) under Jerry
Ryan surprise anti-Treaty forces at Golden, Co. Tipperary. Three days later the anti-Treaty forces tried to re-take Golden but without success. This was followed by the pro-Treaty forces taking Tipperary Town – see Jul-29 to 30-22/1. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 168 |
|
Jul-26-22/5 |
An anti-Treaty column staying in farmhouses are surprised by pro-Treaty troops at the Glen near Glenties, Co. Donegal. Four (or two) anti-Treatyites are subsequently arrested (including Joseph McGurk of Tyrone who was QM of the anti-Treaty 2nd Northern Division) but most of the column escapes over the Blue Stack mountains. In a related incident, two pro-Treaty soldiers
– Corporal Albert Devine and Private James Scallon – were killed. (They were
killed by Donncha MacNelis who apparently they mistook for a priest.) |
Ozseker (2019), pg 189; Ó Duibhir (2011), pgs 177-178; Gallagher (2003), pg 41; Grant (2018), pg 139 |
|
Jul-26-22/6 |
Writing a memo on the General Situation,
Collins wrote “we now have a force that means something in future dealings
with Britain and the North East … The present fight [Civil War] is only
training our troops, it gives our soldiers confidence”. He also states that the British Government
would be making a profound miscalculation if they interpreted the results of
the June election as an enthusiastic vote for the symbols of a “sham
imperialism”. |
Dorney (2017), pg 128; Kissane (2005), pg 83 |
|
Jul-27-22/1 |
Con Moloney (Adjutant-General of anti-Treaty army) reports to Divisional O/Cs that “Organisation is bad in most areas, Coys are not paraded, Council meetings etc. are not being held and reports are not being forwarded.” |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 130 |
|
Jul-27-22/2 |
Oscar Traynor and a number of other senior anti-Treaty officers are arrested at Baggot Street Bridge. Traynor replaced by Frank Henderson as O/C anti-Treaty Dublin Brigade. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 145; Dorney (2017), pg 113; Townshend (2014), pg 415 |
|
Jul-27-22/3 |
Writing to Mulcahy, Seamus Woods (O/C Belfast
Brigade, IRA) says that in the six months between the Truce and the signing
of the Treaty “the perfecting of our organisation, training and equipping has
been pursued with great earnestness on the part of officer and men … a large number of recruits were taken
on”. However, he went on to say that
“the Enemy are continually raiding and arresting, the heavy sentences and particularly
the floggings make the civilians very loathe to hide “wanted men” or arms”. |
Parksinson (2020), pgs 85 & 189; McMahon
(2008), pg 151 |
|
Jul-27-22/4 |
Writing to Luke Gibbons, Harry Boland says that “There is no doubt that the people in the main is against us at present, believing that we are to blame for the present state of affairs”. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 127-127 |
|
Jul-27-22/5 |
Frank Aiken and 105 fellow prisoners escape from Dundalk Jail after the walls of the prison are mined. The V/C or Adjutant of the 4th Northern, John McCoy, had escaped capture on July 16th and organised this escape. (However, McCoy himself was later captured in an engagement on the Castleblayney road in which a number of pro-Treaty soldiers were killed. Hall names as one of those killed as Private J F McCaffrey.) Aiken escapes but, even then, would not commit to the anti-Treaty side. He retreats, with his men to the Cooley peninsula – see Aug-14-22/1. Some 60 of the 105 escapees are back in custody within a week.
|
Hopkinson (1988), pg 170; Macardle (1999), pg 763; Curran J M (1980), pg 241; Dooley (2017a), pg 107; Hall (2019), pg 108 |
|
Jul-27-22/6 |
Special Constable David Sugenor is
accidentally shot dead by a colleague in Smithfield Barracks in Belfast. |
Abbott (2019), pg 413 |
|
Jul-28-22/1 |
Pro-Treaty forces ambushed near Maryborough (Portlaoise) resulting in the deaths of Commandant-General McCurtain and Commandant Collison (the two main pro-Treaty officers in Laois-Offally) and Captain Gantly. Twenty-four of the ambushers are captured. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 157 |
|
Jul-28-22/2 |
Pro-Treaty forces take Tubbercurry, Co
Sligo. Last town in Sligo in
anti-Treaty hands. Afterwards,
anti-Treaty forces in Sligo increasingly take to guerrilla tactics. |
Farry (2012), pg 100 |
|
Jul-28-22/3 |
Pro-Treaty forces, under Tom Glennon, capture
Glenveagh Castle in Co. Donegal. This
was the last fixed position held by the anti-Treatyites in Donegal. |
Ozseker (2019), pg 188 |
|
Jul-28-22/5 |
At a meeting between Craig and Churchill, latter points out that the British Government was within its rights not to give royal assent to the Local Government Bill which had passed all stages in the NI parliament on July 5th. However, Craig again threatens to resign (and bring his government with him) and Churchill capitulates and agrees that royal assent would be granted. This decision infuriates Collins – see Jul-31-22/2. |
Matthews (2004), pg 84 |
|
Jul-29-22/6 |
A Catholic fruit merchant, Patrick McGivern, fatally wounded by a gunman on the Old Lodge Road, Belfast.
|
Parkinson (2004), pg 301 |
|
Jul-29-22/7 |
IRA man, Dominick Wilson, taken from his home
in Annagh, near Desertmartin, Co. Londonderry by men in police caps and shot
dead. He was badly beaten before he
was shot. |
Grant (2018), pg 136; Lawlor (2011), pg 310-313 |
|
Jul-29-22/8 |
Pro-Treaty forces in Foynes, Co Limerick give up their post. |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 152 |
|
Jul-29 to 30-22/1 |
Pro-Treaty forces under Paddy O’Connor and
Jerry Ryan take Tipperary Town. The
pro-Treaty force of some 500 men is made up of the Dublin Guard and local
men. Pro-Treaty soldiers also take Ballina in Co. Mayo. |
Curran J M (1980), pg 242; Price (2012), pg 225; O’Connor and Connolly (2011), pgs 118-120 |
|
Jul-30-22/1 |
Harry Boland is shot during his arrest by pro-Treaty troops in the Grand Hotel in Skerries – he will die on August 2nd. Joe Griffin, D/I of the anti-Treaty Dublin Brigade, is arrested in same incident. Austen Stack subsequently is made anti-Treaty QM General. |
O’Donoghue (1986), pg 274; Hopkinson (1988), pg 132; Macardle (1999), pg 776-777; Dorney (2017), pg 113; Townshend (2014), pg 415 |
|
Jul-30-22/2 |
Pro-Treaty forces, led by O’Duffy, carry out a two-pronged attack on Bruree and capture it after a five-hour battle. See Aug-02-22/2. |
Curran J M (1980), pg 242 |
|
Jul-30-22/3 |
Pro-Treaty troops, who are raiding a public
house in the early hours of the morning in Blackmill Street in Kilkenny City,
shoot at some men fleeing from the back of the pub. One is shot and dies shortly afterwards. He name is Samuel Oakes, a 21-year old employee
of Smithwick’s Brewery. |
Killkenny guy? |
|
Jul-30-22/4 |
Kilmore House, Knock, Co. Clare is burnt to
the ground by anti-Treaty forces. |
Power (2020), pg 89 |
|
Jul-31-22/1 |
Mac Eoin reports to Collins that “In the Midlands Divisions all posts and positions of military value are in our hands.” |
Hopkinson (1988), pg 157 |
|
Jul-31-22/2 |
After capitulating to Craig, Churchill writes to Collins saying that he doubted the advantage of Proportional Representation to the Catholic minority. See Aug-01-22/4 and Aug-09-22/2. |
Phoenix (1994), pg 244 |
|
Jul-31-22/3 |
Writing to the Acting Chairman of the
Provisional Government (Cosgrave), Collins says that, with regard the killing
of Catholics in the North East, “the guilt lies with the higher authorities
and we must face that”. He also says
that more forceful action will be necessary. |
Ferriter (2021), pg 49 |
|
Jul-1922/1 |
By the end of July, there were over 1,000
anti-Treaty prisoners held in Dublin. |
Dorney (2017), pg 112 |
|
Jul-1922/2 |
Rathangan Barracks, Co. Kildare is attacked by
about 60 anti-Treaty men under Jim Dunne and Paddy Brennan. The pro-Treaty garrison of about 35 men is
forced to surrender after an hour’s fighting.
No fatalities but 10 pro-Treaty men wounded and the anti-Treatyites
make away with a considerable cache of arms and ammunition. |
Durney (2011), pg 81 |
|
Jul-1922/3 |
In a memo to Cabinet, Collins writes the Civil
War is “a fight for national freedom” and for the “freest and most democratic
system yet devised”. Also, that “the
Army has to recognise that it is the servant and not the master of the
people”. |
Dorney (2017), pg 129 |
|
Jul-1922/4 |
In a series of reports during July to Mulcahy, Seamus Woods in Belfast paints a very sombre picture of the state of the nationalist population in NI in general and the bad state of the military preparedness of his own forces. After two years of unremitting bloodshed “The spirit of the people is practically dead” and had a deep sense of having been abandoned by the southern government. Their mood was “for a peace policy and recognition of the northern government”. See Aug-02-22/3. |
Phoenix (1994), pgs 245-246 |